Table 2.

Effects of SCFA supplementation on HFD-fed mice and rats.

Acetate	Propionate	Butyrate
Ameliorated obesity [88]	Reduced body weight and fasting insulin levels [96]	Had no significant effect [82]
Normalized weight gain, insulin, TNF-α and leptin levels [48]	Increased adiponectin expression [135]	Altered gut microbiota to be similar to LFD [117]
Increased adiponectin expression [135]	Prevented weight gain [145]	Ameliorated obesity, steatohepatitis [38]
Prevented weight gain [145]		Reduced body weight gain, improved insulin response [92]
		Decreased leptin and insulin levels [146]
		Reversed HFD induced dysmetabolism [150]
		Increased adiponectin expression [135]

Abbreviations: TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; LFD, low-fat diet; HFD, high-fat diet.