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. 2022 Nov 7;11(11):1630. doi: 10.3390/biology11111630

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Differential gene expression analysis between bifenthrin-resistant and -susceptible strains. (a) Heatmap showing the differentially over- and underexpressed genes that are shared between the six pairwise comparisons (core set of differentially expressed genes). Numbers in the panel correspond to the numbers shown in the volcanoplot in panel b; (b) Volcanoplot showing the overexpressed and underexpressed genes (absolute log₂FC ≥ 1 and p adj < 0.05) in the differential expression analysis between all bifenthrin-resistant and -susceptible T. urticae strains. Differentially expressed genes encoding detoxification enzymes (cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), intradiol ring cleavage dioxygenases (DOGs), increased carboxyl/choline esterases (CCEs), glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), UDP-glycosyl transferases (UGTs)), transporters (ABC transporters (ABCs) and Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS)), lipocalins, nuclear hormone receptor family 96 (HR96) lacking DNA binding domain (HR96like) [66], short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) or PLAT domain proteins (PLAT) are color-coded according to the legend shown below the plot.