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. 2022 Nov 6;11(11):1622. doi: 10.3390/biology11111622

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic illustration of metabolites produced from the dysbiotic gut microbiome and involved in NAFLD pathogenesis. Created with https://BioRender.com (accessed on 29 October 2022) and modified with Microsoft PowerPoint v.16. BA: bile acid; SCFA: short-chain fatty acid; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; FXR: Farnesoid Receptor X; TG5R: G-Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor Gpbar1; GPCR: G-protein-coupled receptors; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; VLDL: Very Low-Density Lipoprotein.