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. 2022 Nov 4;12(11):1640. doi: 10.3390/biom12111640

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Metabolic routes for butyrate and propionate formation by representative bacterial genera and species from the human colon. Species shown in purple can utilise lactate to form butyrate; species shown in blue and green can, respectively, utilise lactate and succinate to produce proprionate. DHAP, dihydroxyacetonephosphate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate. Figure reprinted from Flint, Duncan et al., 2015 [23].