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. 2022 Nov 15;11(22):3619. doi: 10.3390/cells11223619

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Differential expression of endogenous virus elements in MS and controls, assessed by RNAseq analysis. The graphs represent a heatmap (A) and a volcano plot (B) of differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05) in MS and controls. Up-regulated genes (fold change > 1) in MS (red) were indicated and ranked from highest to lowest fold change in MSLCL. None of the ERVs analyzed were found to be significantly up-regulated in control samples. For this analysis, a total of 20 LCL established from controls (coLCL) and 59 LCL from individuals with MS (MSLCL) were used. A synthetic virus metagenome was used for RNAseq read mapping. Fold changes and statistical significances were listed in the supplement (Supplementary Table S6).