Table 1.
Characteristics of controls at baseline (n = 1293), by quartiles of resistin concentration in the nested case-control study, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, 1992–2005.
| Quartiles of Resistin Concentration | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (N = 324) |
Q2 (N = 325) |
Q3 (N = 321) |
Q4 (N = 323) |
|
| Resistin quartile ranges (ng/mL) | 3.47 | 3.47< to 4.28 | 4.28< to 5.42 | 5.42< to 34.41 |
| Age at blood collection, years, mean (SD) a | 57.6 (6.9) | 57.5 (7.2) | 58.1 (6.7) | 59 (7.1) |
| Women, n (%) a | 154 (47.5) | 183 (56.3) | 157 (48.9) | 187 (57.9) |
| Postmenopausal women, baseline, n (%) a | 123 (38.0) | 135 (41.5) | 116 (36.1) | 141 (43.7) |
| Fasting (>6 h), n (%) a | 98 (30.2) | 98 (30.2) | 74 (23.1) | 80 (24.8) |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 26.2 (3.5) | 26.6 (4.1) | 26.3 (3.8) | 26.2 (3.7) |
| Waist circumference, cm, mean (SD) b | 89.2 (12.5) | 88.4 (12.2) | 88.8 (11.8) | 87.7 (12.6) |
| Diagnosed diabetes at baseline (self-reported or HbA1C ≥ 6.5%), n (%) | 19 (5.9) | 18 (5.5) | 13 (4.0) | 14 (4.3) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 84 (25.9) | 86 (26.5) | 68 (21.2) | 85 (26.3) |
| University degree or higher education level, n (%) | 68 (21) | 52 (16) | 51 (15.9) | 58 (18) |
| Physically moderately active, or active, sex-specific, n (%) | 178 (54.9) | 176 (54.2) | 168 (52.3) | 195 (60.4) |
| Alcohol abstainers (<0.3 g/day), n (%) | 38 (11.7) | 45 (13.8) | 43 (13.4) | 51 (15.8) |
| Alcohol consumption, g/day, median (Q1–Q3) b | 10.6 (3.2–28.1) | 8.5 (1.6–23.5) | 7.7 (1.7–19.9) | 6.0 (1.0–16.8) |
| Energy intake, Kcal/day, median (Q1–Q3) b | 2084 (1608–2478) | 2010 (1638–2404) | 2052 (1719–2511) | 1997 (1590–2464) |
| Red meat, g/day, median (Q1–Q3) b | 43.4 (24.4–75.3) | 43.0 (25.3–69.9) | 49.6 (27.4–76.5) | 47.7 (24.2–74.9) |
| Processed meat, g/day, median (Q1–Q3) b | 24.6 (13.0–42.6) | 23.3 (12.5–45.9) | 28.4 (16.8–44.3) | 23.2 (12.9–42.6) |
| Dietary fiber, g/day, median (Q1–Q3) b | 23.6 (18.0–28.6) | 22.8 (18.0–27.5) | 23.2 (18.0–27.8) | 22.1 (17.9–26.7) |
| Fruit intake, g/day, median (Q1–Q3) b | 191.5 (106.4–314.3) | 195.2 (108.2–330.2) | 176.9 (98.2–279.8) | 191.5 (109.3–318.4) |
| Vegetable intake, g/day, median (Q1–Q3) b | 160.9 (104.3–230.8) | 166.8 (103.8–248.1) | 148.1 (96.0–221.6) | 157.9 (97.4–241.5) |
| Dairy intake, g/day, median (Q1–Q3) b | 278.9 (155.2–435.3) | 310.6 (175.0–451.0) | 318.2 (171.2–495.9) | 305.9 (161.5–484.5) |
| Fish and shellfish, g/day, median (Q1–Q3) b | 29.0 (13.4–52.3) | 29.7 (16.4–51.8) | 29.4 (14.2–49.3) | 30.0 (13.6–52.4) |
| Adiponectin, µg/mL, median (Q1–Q3) b | 7.3 (5.2–10.1) | 7.3 (5.5–9.7) | 6.9 (5.0–9.2) | 7.2 (5.3–9.6) |
| HMW adiponectin, µg/mL (Q1–Q3) b | 3.7 (2.4–5.7) | 3.8 (2.4–5.4) | 3.6 (2.2–5.1) | 3.7 (2.4–5.2) |
| Leptin, ng/mL (Q1–Q3) b | 6.3 (3.4–14.1) | 9.4 (5.1–19.2) | 7.7 (3.5–16.6) | 6.9 (3.6–17.0) |
| Soluble leptin receptor, ng/mL, mean (SD) b | 23 (8.9) | 21.9 (7.9) | 22.7 (8.6) | 23.6 (15.8) |
| ROM, Carratelli units, mean (SD) b | 381 (71.8) | 382.4 (69.4) | 379.1 (64.2) | 397.4 (71.7) |
| hsCRP, mg/L, median (Q1–Q3) b | 1.9 (0.8–3.7) | 2.2 (0.9–4.0) | 2.1 (0.9–4.2) | 2.9 (1.3–5.8) |
| C-peptide, ng/mL, median (Q1–Q3) b | 3.6 (2.5–5.9) | 3.7 (2.6–5.6) | 4.0 (2.9–6.3) | 4.3 (2.9–5.9) |
| HDL-C, mmol/L, median (Q1–Q3) b | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.5 (1.2–1.7) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) |
| HbA1c, %, mean (SD) b | 5.8 (0.6) | 5.8 (0.8) | 5.7 (0.6) | 5.7 (0.5) |
a Matching variable. b Among users only. Abbreviations: Q1–Q3, the first quartile (the 25th percentile) to the third quartile (the 75th percentile); SD, standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; HMW, high-molecular weight; ROM, reactive oxygen metabolites; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c.