Table 1.

Overview on AIE-based methods for the detection and imaging of different proteases.

Targets	Probes	Linear Range	LOD	Ref.
LAP	DPA-TPE-Leu	–	8.9 ng/mL	[39]
LAP	ASSI-Leu	0~0.05 U/mL	2.983 mU/mL	[40]
CKII	TPE-GRRRADDSDDDD	0.1~80 mU/μL	0.05 mU/μL	[41]
chymase	TPETH-2(CFTERD3)	0~9.0 ng/mL	0.1 ng/mL	[42]
caspase-3	TPE-GFFYK(DVEDEE-Ac)	0~70 pM	0.54 pM	[43]
Furin	Ac-RVRR-linker-HPQ	Imaging	–	[44]
MMP-2	RRRRRRGGPLGLAGPra(PyTPA)-NH2	Imaging	–	[45]
caspase-3/7	Ac-DEVDK-TPE	Imaging	–	[46]
caspase-3	Ac-DEVD-TPS-cRGD	0~80 ng/mL	–	[47]
caspase-3/8	TPETH–DVEDLEHD–TPS	Imaging	–	[48]
caspase-3/7	DOTA-Gd(III)-TPE-KDEVD	Imaging	–	[49]
caspase-3	TPS-DEVD-Pt-cRGD	–	1 pM	[50]
MMP-2	DOX-FCPPs-PyTPE	Imaging	–	[51]
ATG4B	DPBP	Imaging	–	[53]
trypsin	TPE-2+/BSA	1~12.5 mU/mL	1.43 mU/mL	[54]
trypsin	TPE-2+	0.1~1 nM	0.02 nM	[55]
trypsin	PSMA-PhB+TPE/heparin	0~1.5 U/mL	0.02 U/mL	[56]
trypsin	SiNPs@GSH-AuNCs/protamine	0.15~3.0 μg/mL 10~100 ng/mL	0.07 μg/mL 4.50 ng/mL	[57]

Abbreviations: LAP, leucine aminopeptidase; DPA, diphenylamine; Leu, leucine; CKII, casein kinase; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2; TPS, tetraphenylsilole; PyTPE, tetraphenylethene derivative; DOX, doxorubicin; FCPPs, functionalized cell penetrating peptides; ATG4B, an autophagy-specific enzyme; PSMA, polystyrene-co-maleic anhydride; PhB, phloxine B; SiNPs, silicon nanoparticles; GSH, glutathione; AuNCs, gold nanoclusters.