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. 2022 Nov 7;12(11):984. doi: 10.3390/bios12110984

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic illustration of the biosensor fabrication and detection principle. (A), Electrode system of the developed sensor. (B), Functionalization of working electrode. (C), Detection principle. RE, reference electrode; WE, working electrode; CE, counter electrode. Adapted from Ref. [52] with permission from authors. Copyright © 2021, the authors. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0 (CC BY) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (accessed on 21 October 2022).