Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of patients in the three diagnostic groups.

	Disease			p-Value
Variable	MD (n = 69)	VM (n = 79)	MD with Migraine (n = 72)	MD vs. VM	MD vs. MD with Migraine	VM vs. MD with Migraine
Age (range), year	50.22 ± 12.90	47.51 ± 14.15	42.44 ± 10.99	0.032 *	<0.001 ***	0.017 *
Gender (female)	27 (39.1%)	49 (62.0%)	52 (72.2%)	0.009 **	<0.001 ***	0.247
Illness duration	12 months	5 months	11 months	<0.001 ***	0.248	<0.001 ***
Vertigo/dizzy	67 (97.1%)	73 (92.4%)	67 (93.1%)	0.370	0.473	1.000
Visual motion	40 (58%)	50 (63.3%)	44 (61.1%)	0.622	0.835	0.914
Nausea and vomiting	55 (79.8%)	46 (58.2%)	48 (66.7%)	0.009 **	0.120	0.368
Hearing impairment	58 (84.1%)	30 (38.0%)	40 (55.6%)	<0.001 ***	<0.001 ***	0.045*
Tinnitus	62 (89.9%)	51 (64.6%)	56 (77.8%)	<0.001 ***	0.087	0.108
Aural fullness	50 (72.5%)	42 (53.2%)	45 (62.5%)	0.025 *	0.279	0.320
Light-photophobia	15 (21.7%)	62 (78.5%)	45 (62.5%)	<0.001 ***	<0.001 ***	0.048*
Sound-phonophobia	14 (20.3%)	59 (74.7%)	47 (65.3%)	<0.001 ***	<0.001 ***	0.278

Abbreviations: MD, Menière’s disease; VM, vestibular migraine. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.