Table 2.
Comparison of clinicopathological features according to the type of diagnostic URS.
| Non-URS Group | Rigid URS Group | Flexible URS Group | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 107 (27%) | 178 (45%) | 111 (28%) | |
| Age at RNU *, years | 69 (62–76) | 68 (60–76) | 68 (60–76) | 0.633 |
| Sex | <0.0001 | |||
| Female | 45 (42.06) | 64 (35.96) | 18 (16.22) | |
| Male | 62 (57.94) | 114 (64.04) | 93 (83.78) | |
| HTN | 58 (54.21) | 111 (62.36) | 67 (60.36) | 0.3901 |
| DM | 25 (23.36) | 30 (16.85) | 32 (28.83) | 0.0527 |
| CAOD | 6 (5.61) | 26 (14.61) | 14 (12.61) | 0.0665 |
| COPD, asthma | 8 (7.48) | 18 (10.11) | 9 (8.11) | 0.7124 |
| CVA | 8 (7.48) | 13 (7.30) | 5 (4.50) | 0.5853 |
| CKD | 16 (14.95) | 14 (7.87) | 15 (13.51) | 0.1326 |
| Smoking history | 0.0343 | |||
| Never smoked | 66 (61.68) | 95 (53.37) | 49 (44.14) | |
| Ex- or current smoker | 41 (38.32) | 83 (46.63) | 62 (55.86) | |
| Tumor location | <0.0001 | |||
| Renal pelvis | 56 (52.34) | 69 (38.76) | 95 (85.59) | |
| Ureter | 51 (47.66) | 109 (61.24) | 16 (14.41) | |
| Laterality | 0.4409 | |||
| Left | 57 (53.27) | 91 (51.12) | 50 (45.05) | |
| Right | 50 (46.73) | 87 (48.88) | 61 (54.95) | |
| Previous/concurrent bladder cancer | 31 (28.97) | 30 (16.85) | 20 (18.02) | 0.037 |
| Urine cytology | 0.0166 | |||
| Not done | 24 (22.43) | 69 (38.76) | 43 (38.74) | |
| Negative | 41 (38.32) | 56 (31.46) | 43 (38.74) | |
| Atypical cell | 17 (15.89) | 33 (18.54) | 19 (17.12) | |
| Positive | 25 (23.36) | 20 (11.24) | 6 (5.40) | |
| Ureteroscopic biopsy | 0 (0) | 85 (47.75) | 55 (49.55) | <0.0001 |
| Surgical modality | 0.4928 | |||
| Open | 31 (28.97) | 42 (23.60) | 32 (28.83) | |
| Laparoscope or robot | 76 (71.03) | 136 (76.40) | 79 (71.17) | |
| Pathologic T stage | 0.2172 | |||
| pTa | 10 (9.35) | 13 (7.30) | 12 (10.81) | |
| pT1 | 31 (28.97) | 53 (29.78) | 42 (37.84) | |
| pT2 | 25 (23.36) | 42 (23.60) | 13 (11.71) | |
| pT3–4 | 41 (38.32) | 70 (39.33) | 44 (39.64) | |
| Tumor grade | 0.0224 | |||
| Low grade | 10 (9.35) | 14 (7.87) | 20 (18.02) | |
| High grade | 97 (90.65) | 164 (92.13) | 91 (81.98) | |
| Tumor size | 0.6782 | |||
| <2 cm | 15 (14.02) | 32 (17.98) | 19 (17.12) | |
| ≥2 cm | 92 (85.98) | 146 (82.02) | 92 (82.88) | |
| Lymphovascular invasion | 23 (21.50) | 41 (23.16) | 25 (22.73) | 0.9475 |
| Carcinoma in situ | 12 (11.21) | 30 (16.85) | 13 (11.71) | 0.303 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 26 (24.30) | 60 (33.71) | 28 (25.23) | 0.1466 |
| IVR within 1 year | 21 (19.63) | 41 (23.03) | 37 (33.33) | 0.0467 |
URS, ureteroscopy; RNU, radical nephroureterectomy; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CAOD, coronary artery obstructive disease, COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident, CKD, chronic kidney disease; IVR, intravesical recurrence. Data are presented as n (%); * Age at RNU is presented as a median (interquartile range).