Table 4.
Potential multi-omics base microbiomics and metabolomics biomarkers in CRC.
| Biomarker | Sample | Change | Application | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
F.nucleatum, P. anaerobius and P. Micra |
stool | increase | detection | [155] |
| P. micra, Streptococcus anginosus |
stool | increase | diagnosis | [156] |
| P. Micra F. nucleatum |
stool | increase | diagnosis | [157] |
| norvaline and myristic acid | stool | upregulated | diagnosis | [158] |
| menaquinone-10 | stool | upregulated | diagnosis | [159] |
| F. nucleatum | stool | upregulated | detection | [160] |
| Oleic acid | stool | Upregulated | screening | [161] |
| Succinate, Butyrate, Lactate, Glutamate, and Alanine. |
tumour tissue/feces | Upregulated (excluding Butyrate downregulated) |
detection | [152] |
| Cholesteryl esters, Sphingomyelins | stool | Upregulated | diagnosis | [134] |
| Fusobacterium, Parvimonas and Staphylococcus |
stool | increase | diagnosis | [134] |
| Pyruvic acid, lysine, glycolic acid, fumaric acid, ornithine | blood | upregulated | detection | [162] |
| tryptophan, Palmitoleic acid, lysine, 3hydroxyisovaleric acid | blood | decrease | detection | [162] |
| octadecanoic acid, citric acid, hexadecanoic acid, and propanoic acid-2-methyl-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl este | urine | downregulated | screening | [163] |
| Hydroxyproline dipeptide, tyrosine, tryptophan, pseudouridine, glucuronic acid, glycine, histidine, glucose, 5-oxoproline, threonic acid, and isocitric acid | urine | upregulated | screening | [163] |