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Girdin enhances the Warburg effect by restraining PDGFRβ degradation and PKM2 activity. A hypothetical model illustrating the functional role of Girdin in the Warburg effect. Girdin inhibits PKM2 activity by blocking PDGFRβ degradation, relieving its suppression effect on PKM2 phosphorylation, and eventually up-regulating the Warburg effect.
