Table 2.

Distributions of anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms among college students.

Variable	Group	N	Anxiety Prevalence (95% CI)	Depression Prevalence (95% CI)	PTSD Prevalence (95% CI)
Gender	Male	2186	22.0 (20.4–23.6)	27.6 (25.9–29.4)	3.8 (3.1–4.7)
	Female	2568	27.6 (26.2–29.2) ***	31.5 (29.8–33.2) **	3.0 (2.3–3.8)
Age
	<18 years	179	25.7 (21.0–31.0)	33.5 (26.9–40.9)	3.9 (1.8–8.1)
	≧18 years	4575	25.0 (23.7–26.4)	29.6 (28.1–31.1)	3.3 (2.8–4.0)
Major during university
	Medical	2733	24.1 (22.7–25.6)	29.6 (27.9–31.4)	3.3 (2.7–4.1)
	Others	2021	26.3 (24.6–28.0)	29.9 (27.7–32.1)	3.5 (2.9–4.2)
Household register
	Urban	2036	23.8 (22.1–25.6)	29.3 (27.4–31.2)	2.6 (2.0–3.4)
	Rural	2718	25.9 (24.3–27.7)	30.1 (28.6–31.6)	3.9 (3.2–4.9) *
Education level
	Undergraduate and below	4509	24.7 (23.4–26.1)	29.4 (27.9–30.9)	3.2 (2.7–3.7)
	Graduate	245	31.0 (25.4–37.3) *	35.9 (30.3–41.9) *	6.9 (4.6–10.3) **
Caught a cold within one week
	No	4238	24.2 (23.1–25.4)	28.8 (27.8–29.9)	3.1 (2.7–3.6)
	Yes	516	31.6 (27.5–36.0) ***	37.2 (33.9–40.6) ***	5.2 (3.8–7.2) *
Fear of another pandemic
	No	2465	18.4 (16.3–20.6)	23.2 (21.5–25.1)	2.6 (1.9–3.4)
	Yes	2289	32.2 (30.6–33.9) ***	36.7 (34.8–38.7) ***	4.2 (3.4–5.2) **
Fear of taking public transport
	No	4450	23.6 (22.3–25.0)	28.2 (26.9–29.6)	2.8 (2.3–3.4)
	Yes	304	45.7 (39.1–52.5) ***	51.3 (44.1–58.5) ***	11.5 (8.4–15.5) ***
Fear of contracting COVID-19
	No	2208	17.3 (15.8–19.0)	21.7 (20.4–23.1)	2.5 (1.9–3.3)
	Yes	2546	31.7 (29.8–33.7) ***	36.7 (34.9–38.5) ***	4.1 (3.4–4.9) **
Wearing a mask in public
	Yes	4217	24.4 (23.2–25.7)	28.9 (27.6–30.3)	3.2 (2.8–3.6)
	No	537	30.0 (25.6–34.7) **	36.1 (32.0–40.5) **	5.0 (3.4–7.5) *
Self-reported household income
	Low-income level	2826	23.1 (21.6–24.8)	26.7 (24.9–28.6)	2.8 (2.2–3.6)
	Medium and above	1928	27.8 (25.2–30.5) ***	34.2 (31.7–36.7) ***	4.1 (3.4–5.1) *
COVID-19 on household income
	No impact or increase	1471	20.7 (18.8–22.8)	24.6 (22.7–26.7)	2.9 (2.2–3.8)
	Decrease	3283	27.0 (25.7–28.3) ***	32.0 (30.3–33.7) ***	3.6 (3.0–4.3)
COVID-19 on family relationships
	No impact	4472	23.7 (22.8–24.7)	28.2 (27.2–29.3)	2.9 (2.4–3.5)
	Deteriorate	282	46.1 (39.8–52.5) ***	53.2 (47.4–58.9) ***	10.6 (6.9–16.1) ***

Note: “*” p < 0.05, “**” p < 0.01, “***” p < 0.001.