Table 3.
Correlators associated with anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms among college students stratified by sex.
| Variable | Group | Anxiety OR (95% CI) |
Depression OR (95% CI) |
PTSD OR (95% CI) |
Any OR (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | ||
| Age | ≥18 years | 0.77 (0.48–1.24) | 1.43 (0.84–2.43) | 0.71 (0.45–1.11) | 1.11 (0.69–1.77) | 0.91 (0.44–1.88) | 1.04 (0.47–2.33) | 0.73 (0.48–1.11) | 1.21 (0.78–1.88) |
| Major during university | Others | 0.86 (0.69–1.06) | 1.17 (0.98–1.41) | 0.92 (0.75–1.12) | 0.97 (0.81–1.16) | 0.80 (0.59–1.09) | 1.41 (1.06–1.88) | 0.86 (0.72–1.04) | 1.08 (0.91–1.27) |
| Household register | Rural | 0.90 (0.72–1.13) | 1.02 (0.84–1.24) | 0.92 (0.75–1.13) | 0.83 (0.69–1.00) | 1.52 (1.09–2.11) * | 1.27 (0.92–1.76) | 0.96 (0.79–1.16) | 0.90 (0.76–1.07) |
| Education level | Graduate | 1.48 (0.92–2.38) | 1.33 (0.92–1.91) | 1.70 (1.11–2.63) * | 1.24 (0.87–1.77) | 2.07 (1.17–3.66) * | 1.03 (0.55–1.93) | 1.74 (1.16–2.62) ** | 1.36 (0.98–1.88) |
| Caught a cold within one week | Yes | 1.61 (1.19–2.19) ** | 1.26 (0.96–1.65) | 1.43 (1.07–1.91) * | 1.43 (1.10–1.85) ** | 1.34 (0.87–2.07) | 1.49 (0.99–2.23) | 1.39 (1.05–1.82) * | 1.39 (1.09–1.78) ** |
| Fear of another pandemic | Yes | 1.71 (1.32–2.23) *** | 1.28 (1.02–1.59) * | 1.44 (1.13–1.84) ** | 1.27 (1.03–1.57) * | 1.54 (1.05–2.26) * | 1.29 (0.89–1.86) | 1.67 (1.33–2.10) *** | 1.31 (1.08–1.60) ** |
| Fear of taking public transport | Yes | 1.34 (0.84–2.16) | 2.19 (1.65–2.91) *** | 1.80 (1.15–2.82) * | 2.02 (1.53–2.66) *** | 4.92 (3.00–8.07) *** | 2.48 (1.70–3.60) *** | 1.81 (1.17–2.79) ** | 2.17 (1.67–2.82) *** |
| Fear of contracting COVID-19 | Yes | 1.67 (1.28–2.19) *** | 1.69 (1.35–2.13) *** | 1.59 (1.24–2.04) *** | 1.67 (1.35–2.08) *** | 1.19 (0.80–1.76) | 1.85 (1.25–2.73) ** | 1.60 (1.27–2.01) *** | 1.72 (1.41–2.11) *** |
| Wearing a mask in public | No | 1.57 (1.17–2.11) ** | 1.51 (1.12–2.02) ** | 1.72 (1.32–2.25) *** | 1.45 (1.09–1.93) * | 1.71 (1.15–2.55) ** | 1.18 (0.74–1.89) | 1.72 (1.33–2.21) *** | 1.43 (1.09–1.87) ** |
| Self-reported household income | Low | 1.04 (0.84–1.30) | 1.36 (1.13–1.65) ** | 1.23 (1.01–1.50) * | 1.50 (1.25–1.81) *** | 1.18 (0.87–1.61) | 1.31 (0.97–1.76) | 1.13 (0.94–1.37) | 1.48 (1.24–1.75) *** |
| COVID-19 on household income | Decrease | 1.28 (1.00–1.64) * | 1.01 (0.81–1.25) | 1.30 (1.04–1.63) * | 1.04 (0.85–1.28) | 1.30 (0.90–1.86) | 0.97 (0.68–1.40) | 1.29 (1.05–1.59) * | 1.06 (0.88–1.29) |
| COVID-19 on family relationships | Deteriorate | 3.36 (2.31–4.89) *** | 2.45 (1.75–3.44) *** | 3.63 (2.54–5.18) *** | 2.48 (1.78–3.44) *** | 2.47 (1.53–4.00) *** | 2.99 (1.93–4.63) *** | 3.36 (2.38–4.74) *** | 2.35 (1.71–3.23) *** |
Note: “*” p < 0.05 “**” p < 0.01 “***” p < 0.001.