Table 1.
Basic Characteristics of the Study Cohort.
| Features | Overall n = 3714 |
Training Set a n = 2280 |
Testing Set b n = 1434 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male, N (%) | 2136 (57.5) | 1258 (55.2) | 878 (61.2) |
| Age, Mean (SD), yrs. | 68.0 (13.7) | 67.9 (13.8) | 68.0 (13.4) |
| BMI, Mean (SD), kg/m2 | 23.4 (4.33) | 23.4 (3.93) | 23.4 (4.81) |
| Smoking, N (%) | |||
| No | 1170 (31.5) | 710 (31.1) | 460 (32.1) |
| Yes | 993 (26.7) | 523 (22.9) | 470 (32.8) |
| Unknown | 1551 (41.8) | 1047 (45.9) | 504 (35.1) |
| Drinking, N (%) | |||
| No | 1750 (47.1) | 983 (43.1) | 767 (53.5) |
| Yes | 408 (11.0) | 247 (10.8) | 161 (11.2) |
| Unknown | 1556 (41.9) | 1050 (46.1) | 506 (35.3) |
| Tumor size, cm | |||
| Mean (SD) | 4.23 (2.45) | 4.11 (2.39) | 4.46 (2.55) |
| Median [IQR] | 3.8 [2.4–5.5] | 3.6 [2.3–5.5] | 4.0 [2.5–5.7] |
| Cancer stage, N (%) | |||
| 0 | 11 (0.3) | 10 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) |
| I | 533 (14.4) | 348 (15.3) | 185 (12.9) |
| II | 139 (3.7) | 88 (3.9) | 51 (3.6) |
| III | 527 (14.1) | 330 (14.5) | 197 (13.7) |
| IV | 2034 (54.8) | 1207 (52.9) | 827 (57.7) |
| Missing | 470 (12.7) | 297 (13.0) | 173 (12.1) |
| Genomic Test | |||
| ALK, N (%) | |||
| Negative | 681 (18.3) | 457 (20.0) | 224 (15.6) |
| Positive | 39 (1.1) | 21 (0.9) | 18 (1.3) |
| Unknown | 2994 (80.6) | 1802 (79.0) | 1192 (83.1) |
| EGFR, N (%) | |||
| Negative | 842 (22.7) | 473 (20.7) | 369 (25.7) |
| Positive | 787 (21.2) | 467 (20.5) | 320 (22.3) |
| Unknown | 2085 (56.1) | 1340 (58.8) | 745 (52.0) |
| KRAS, N (%) | |||
| Negative | 45 (1.2) | 32 (1.4) | 13 (0.9) |
| Positive | 5 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 3 (0.2) |
| Unknown | 3664 (98.7) | 2246 (98.5) | 1418 (98.9) |
| PDL1, N (%) | |||
| Negative | 269 (7.2) | 149 (6.5) | 120 (8.4) |
| Positive | 66 (1.8) | 42 (1.8) | 24 (1.7) |
| Unknown | 3379 (91.0) | 2089 (91.6) | 1290 (90.0) |
| ROS1, N (%) | |||
| Negative | 288 (7.8) | 287 (12.6) | 1 (0.1) |
| Positive | 29 (0.8) | 27 (1.2) | 2 (0.1) |
| Unknown | 3397 (91.4) | 1966 (86.2) | 1431 (99.8) |
| Comorbidity, N (%) | |||
| CVD problems | 432 (11.6) | 296 (13.0) | 136 (9.5) |
| Dementia | 124 (3.3) | 71 (3.1) | 53 (3.7) |
| COPD | 599 (16.1) | 391 (17.1) | 208 (14.5) |
| Rheumatic disease | 28 (0.75) | 16 (0.7) | 12 (0.8) |
| PUD | 365 (9.8) | 246 (10.8) | 119 (8.3) |
| Renal disease | 128 (3.4) | 92 (4.0) | 31 (2.2) |
| Liver disease | 211 (5.7) | 147 (6.4) | 64 (4.5) |
| DM | 372 (10.0) | 248 (10.9) | 124 (8.6) |
| Anemia | 107 (2.9) | 76 (3.3) | 31 (2.2) |
| Depression | 245 (6.6) | 175 (7.7) | 70 (4.9) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 516 (13.9) | 385 (16.9) | 131 (9.1) |
| Hypertension | 736 (19.8) | 503 (22.1) | 233 (16.2) |
| Parkinson’s disease | 50 (1.3) | 29 (1.3) | 21 (1.5) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 3.08 (2.07) | 3.13 (2.19) | 2.97 (1.86) |
| Median [IQR] | 3.0 [2.0–4.0] | 3.0 [2.0–4.0] | 3.0 [2.0–4.0] |
| Follow-up, yrs. | |||
| Mean (SD) | 2.25 (2.47) | 2.44 (2.61) | 1.96 (2.19) |
| Median [IQR] | 1.41 [0.46–3.04] | 1.51 [0.53–3.36] | 1.24 [0.38–2.64] |
| Medications, N (%) | |||
| Alimentary tract and metabolism | 591 (15.9) | 394 (17.3) | 197 (14.7) |
| Blood and blood-forming organs | 446 (12.0) | 293 (12.9) | 153 (11.3) |
| Cardiovascular system | 675 (18.2) | 448 (19.6) | 227 (16.9) |
| Genitourinary system and hormones | 132 (3.6) | 74 (3.2) | 58 (4.3) |
| Musculoskeletal system | 252 (6.8) | 141 (6.2) | 111 (8.3) |
| Nervous system | 391 (10.5) | 254 (11.1) | 137 (10.2) |
| Respiratory system | 319 (8.6) | 226 (9.9) | 93 (6.9) |
| Laboratory Test, Mean (SD) | |||
| Basophil | 0.50 (0.40) | 0.53 (0.42) | 0.48 (0.39) |
| BUN | 19.4 (14.9) | 18.8 (13.1) | 20.5 (17.6) |
| Creatinine | 1.05 (0.98) | 1.02 (0.90) | 1.10 (1.07) |
| Eosinophil | 1.89 (2.31) | 2.03 (2.59) | 1.76 (1.97) |
| HCT | 38.3 (5.69) | 38.5 (5.61) | 37.9 (5.80) |
| HGB | 12.9 (1.97) | 13.0 (1.91) | 12.7 (2.05) |
| K | 3.99 (0.56) | 4.02 (0.53) | 3.95 (0.60) |
| Lymphocyte | 18.7 (9.98) | 19.6 (9.55) | 17.8 (10.3) |
| MCH | 29.9 (3.02) | 29.9 (3.03) | 29.8 (3.00) |
| MCHC | 33.6 (0.95) | 33.7 (0.96) | 33.6 (0.94) |
| MCV | 88.6 (7.61) | 88.5 (7.64) | 88.7 (7.57) |
| Monocyte | 7.45 (2.90) | 7.42 (2.93) | 7.48 (2.87) |
| Na | 137 (4.46) | 137 (4.39) | 137 (4.53) |
| Neutrophil | 71.3 (11.9) | 70.2 (11.4) | 72.3 (12.2) |
| PLT | 263 (109) | 258 (100) | 269 (121) |
| RBC | 4.35 (0.68) | 4.38 (0.67) | 4.29 (0.69) |
| WBC | 9.72 (5.38) | 9.16 (4.16) | 10.6 (6.80) |
Note: SD, Standard deviation; yrs., Years; IQR, Interquartile Range; BMI, Body mass index; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PUD, Peptic ulcer disease; CVD, Cardiovascular; DM, Diabetes; BUN, Blood urea nitrogen; HCT, Hematocrit; HGB, Hemoglobin; K, Potassium; MCH, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV, Mean corpuscular volume; Na, Sodium; PLT, Platelet; RBC, Red blood count; WBC, White blood count; a The training set included the data from Taipei Medical University and Wan-Fang hospitals; b The testing set included the data from Shuang Ho hospital.