Table 1.

Clinical trials in melanoma patients with IL-12 therapy since 2012.

Year	NCT Number/ Study Phase	Treatment	Patients Number	Outcomes	Reference
2013	NCT00683670 Phase I	Vaccination with CD40L/IFN-γ–matured, IL-12p70–producing DCs	7	One CR, two PR, one SD in melanoma patients	[31]
2015	NCI 1-C-011 Phase I	Autologous TIL transduced with a gene encoding a single chain IL-12 driven by a nuclear factor of activated T cells promoter (NFAT.IL12)	33	One CR, nine PR in melanoma patients	[32]
2020	NCT 01502293 Phase II	Intratumorally with plasmid encoding IL-12 (tavokinogene telseplasmid; tavo), 0.5 mg/mL followed by electroporation (six pulses, 1500 V/cm)	30	Five CR, seven PD in melanoma patients	[34]
2020	NCT02493361 Phase II	Tavo was administered intratumorally days 1, 5, and 8 every 6 weeks while pembrolizumab (200 mg, i.v.) was administered every 3 weeks.	23	Nine CR, two PR, three SD, nine PD in melanoma patients	[36]