Table 3.

IL-12 in combination with other cytokines for therapy of melanomas.

Year	Reagents	Treatments	Objects	Results	Reference
2015	IL-18	IL-12 with IL-18	PBMC from patients with melanoma	NK cell activity↑	[48]
2015	IL-18	Linear DNA encoding IL-12/ IL-18 injection	Grey Horse	Total leukocyte and neutrophil counts↑, lymphocyte numbers↓	[50]
2016	IL-2	IL-12 with IL-2	PBMC from patients with melanoma	IL-2Rα and IL-12R expression↑, NK cell activity↑	[46]
2017	IL-2	IL-12 with IL-2	PBMC from patients with melanoma	CD4+CD25brightCD27+ Treg cells↓	[25]
2018	TNF-α	IL-12 and TNF-α co-expression in situ vaccination	Murine B16F10 melanoma model	Tumor growth↓, local effectiveness from 80 to 100%	[55]
2021	GM-CSF	IL-12 and GM-CSF co-expression	Murine B16F10 melanoma model	Tumor growth↓, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recruitment↑	[52]
2022	CXCL9	IL-12 plasmid with CXCL9 plasmid	Murine B16F10 melanoma model	Tumor growth↓, DC licensing↑, CD8+ T cell↑	[54]
2022	IL-27 GM-CSF	LNP encapsulated with mRNAs encoding cytokines including IL-12, IL-27 and GM-CSF	Murine B16F10 melanoma model	Tumor growth↓, NK and CD8+ T cells↑	[51]

GET: gene electrotransfer; M1: M1 macrophages; LNP: lipid nanoparticles; ↓: decreased; ↑: increased.