ADCC	antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Akt	protein kinase B
ApoBDs	apoptotic bodies
ApoEVs	apoptotic extracellular vesicles
ApoExos	apoptotic exosomes
ApoMVs	apoptotic microvesicles
AREG	amphiregulin
ARMM	ARRDC1-mediated microvesicle
ARRDC1	arrestin-domain-containing protein 1
α-SMA	α-smooth muscle actin
BCL	B-cell lymphoma gene
Bcl-xL	B-cell lymphoma-extra large
Bi-EVs	MM-EVs pre-treated with bortezomib
BM	bone marrow
BM-MSC	bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells
BMPs	bone morphogenetic proteins
β-TRC	β-transducin
CAFs	carcinoma-associated fibroblasts
CCL	CC chemokine ligand
CTSK	Cathepsin K
CXCL	CXC ligand
CXCR	CXC chemokine receptor
DC	dendritic cell
Del13	chromosome 13 deletion
DKK1	Dickkopf-related protein 1
EC-EVs	endothelial cells-derived extracellular vesicles
ECs	endothelial cells
EGFR	epithelial growth factor receptor
eiF4GI	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4GI
EMDR	environment-mediated drug resistance
EphA8	ephrin receptor A8 kinase
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinases
ESCRT	endosomal sorting complexes required for transport
EVs	extracellular vesicles
FAP	fibroblast-activated protein
FIH-1	factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1
HER-2	human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
HR-MM cells	hypoxia-resistant multiple myeloma cells
Hsp-70	heat shock protein 70
IL	interleukin
IL-15Rα	interleukin 15 receptor α
ILVs	intraluminal vesicles
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
IP-10	interferon-γ–inducible protein 10
ISEV	International Society for Extracellular Vesicles
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
JUP	junction plakoglobin
LAMP2	lysosomal associated membrane protein 2
LINC00461	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 461
lncRNAs	long-non-coding RNAs
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MBD	myeloma-associated bone disease
Mcl-1	myeloid cell leukemia-1
MDSCs	myeloid-derived suppressor cells
MGUS	monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
miR	microRNA
MM	multiple myeloma
MM MSC	multiple myeloma mesenchymal stromal cells
MM-EVs	multiple myeloma-derived extracellular vesicles
MMPs	metalloproteinases
MUC-1	mucin 1
MVB	multivesicular body
MVs	microvesicles
NFkB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NK	natural killer
NKG2DLs	natural-killer group 2, member D
OBs	osteoblasts
OCs	osteoclasts
OPG	osteoprotegerin
PDGF-BB	platelet-derived growth factor-BB
PGE2	prostaglandin E2
Pgp	P-glycoprotein
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
piRNA	PIWI-interacting RNA
PM	plasma membrane
RANKL	receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B ligand
RHO GTPase	Ras homologous GTPase
RUNX2	Runt-related transcription factor 2
SDF-1	stromal-derived factor 1
SEMA5A	human Semaphorin-5A
SLAM	signaling lymphocytic activation molecule
SMAD5	SMAD family member 5
SMM	smoldering multiple myeloma
SORT1	sortilin1
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TCR	T cell receptor
TF	tissue factor
TGF-β	tumor growth factor-β
TRAP	thrombospondin-related anonymous protein
uPAR	urokinase plasminogen activator receptor
UPP	ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor-1