Figure 1.

The figures show the general scheme of chloroplast transcription. (A) shows the two types of chloroplast RNA polymerase transcription that occurs in plants: plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (PEP, which recognizes bacterial-like promoters such as PSA gene promoters) and nucleus-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (NEP), which recognizes housekeeping genes in chloroplast-like rpo genes. NEB is divided into subclasses Ia, Ib and II depending on the structure of recognized promoters. (B) shows the general scheme of plants’ transcription that involves relevant proteins in nucleoid. PEP: plastid RNA polymerase, white blue color; PAPs: RNA polymerase-associated proteins, green color; NAPs: plastid nucleoid-associated proteins; mRNA binding proteins: such as PPR and mTERF, yellow and brown color.