Table 3.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Clinical Registration | Country | N | Age (Years) | Sex | Assessments (Number) | Tests Applied | Outcomes Presented in the Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [39] | Not reported | Germany | 22 | 10.8 ± 1.2 | Both | 3 (pre, mid, post) | Anthropometry; cycling ergometry; CMJ; sit-and-reach; OLS; agility run; 20-m shuttle run test | BMI; POmax; VO2max; lactate max; HRmax; CMJ height; change-of-direction time; 20-m shutle run time; HRmax at 20-m shutle run test; OLS time; sit-and-reach distance; |
| [34] | NCT01711892 | Denmark | 97 | 9.4 ± 0.4 | Both | 2 (pre, post) | Echocardiography; Anthropometry | BMI; systolic and diastolic BP; resting HR; LVDD; LVSD; LV; LA; LVEF; IVT; LVPWD; CO; DT; IVRT; RVDD; TAPSE |
| [40] | Not reported | Denmark | 526 | 11.1 ± 0.4 and 11.0 ± 0.5 | Both | 2 (pre, post) | Anthropometry; X-ray absorptiometry; arterial blood pressure; 20-m sprint test; horizontal jump length; YYIRT; flamingo balance test | BMI; body fat; lean mass; systolic and diastolic BP; mean arterial pressure; resting HR; YYIRT distance; 20-m sprint time; flaming balance; horizontal jump length. |
| [41] | TCTR20150512001 | Brazil | 30 | 14.1 ± 1.3 and 14.8 ± 1.4 | Both | 2 (pre, post) | Anthropometry; X-ray absorptiometry; arterial blood pressure; cardiopulmonary exercise testing; heart rate variability; biochemical markers; endothelial function assessment; inflammatory biomarkers | BMI; body fat; fat-free mass; systolic and diastolic BP; mean blood pressure; maximal oxygen uptake; HRmax; total cholesterol; HDL; LDL; triglycerides; C-reactive protein; fasting glucose; glucose tolerance; insulin; HOMA-IR; leptin; IL-6; resistin; TNF-α; adiponectin; ET-1; NEFA. |
| [42] | Not reported | NA | 22 | 15.9 ± 0.6 | Boys | 2 (pre, post) | Anthropometry; arterial blood pressure; heart rate variability; resting heart rate; YYIRT; 20-m sprint test; bilateral standing long jump; stork balance test. | Sum of skinfolds; systolic and diastolic BP; HR rest; Ln SDNN; Ln rMSSD; Ln HF; HF; Ln LF; LF; LF/HF; SD1; YYIRT distance; balance time; sprint time; jump distance. |
| [35] | Not reported | NA | 35 | 11 to 13 | Boys | 2 (pre, post) | CMJ test; 10- and 30-m sprints; leg spreading, lying on the back; flexibility of the body when bending; flexibility of the body when stretching; biochemical markers. | CMJ; Sprint time at 10 and 30 m; leg spreading lying on the back; flexibility of the body when bending; flexibility of the body when stretching; leukocytes; erythrocytes; hemoglobin; glucose; cholesterol; triglycerides. |
| [36] | Not reported | NA | 35 | 11 to 13 | Boys | 2 (pre, post) | Bioimpedance; CMJ test; agility t-test; sit-and-reach test; YYIRT; blood pressure. | BMI; body fat; lean body mass; muscle mass; CMJ; agility test; sit-and-reach test; YYIRT; resting and maximal HR; systolic and diastolic BP. |
| [43] | Not reported | NA | 20 | 15.9 ± 0.6 | Boys | 2 (pre, post) | Anthropometry; YYIRT; 10- and 20-m sprint; sit-and-reach test; CMJ; standing long jump; stork balance test. | BMI; body fat; lean mass; sprint time; CMJ height; standing long-jump; sit-and-reach distance; balance; YYIRT distance. |
| [38] | NCT02000492 | Denmark | 295 | 9.3 ± 0.4 | Both | 2 (pre, post) | Anthropometry; X-ray absorptiometry; flamingo balance test; horizontal jump test; 20-m sprint test; coordination wall with three stages of increased difficulty. | Bone mineral content; lean mass; areal bone mineral density; the number of falls in the balance test; sprint time; coordination ability. |
| [44] | H-16026885 | Denmark | 931 | 11.9 ± 0.4 11.8 ± 0.2 |
Both | 2 (pre, post) | Cognitive test battery, including detection, identification, and one-back and one-card learning tasks. | Psychomotor function; attention; working memory; visual memory. |
| [45] | Not reported | Faroe Islands | 491 | 11.1 ± 0.3 | Both | 2 (pre, post) | Anthropometry; X-ray absorptiometry; blood pressure; stork balance test; horizontal jump test; YYIRT. | Systolic and diastolic BP; mean arterial pressure; resting HR; BMI; body fat; lean body mass; horizontal jump; postural balance; YYIRT distance. |
| [37] | Not reported | China | 38 | 9 to 10 | Boys | 2 (pre, post) | Anthropometry; X-ray absorptiometry; 20-m shuttle run test; 50-m sprint; standing long jump; handgrip; 1-min sit up; sit-and-reach; single-leg standing, | BMI; body fat; fat mass and fat-free mass; maximal oxygen uptake; sprint time; standing long jump distance; 1-min sit-up; core muscle function; body balance; heart rate index. |
| [46] | No reported | NA | 105 | 15.7 ± 0.6 | Both | 2 (pre, post) | Anthropometry; backward overhead medicine ball (3 kg) throw test; vertical jump test; YYIRT. | BMI; backward overhead medicine ball throw distance; vertical jump; YYIRT distance |
| [47] | TCTR20150512001 | Brazil | 13 | 13.9 ± 1.6 14.7 ± 2.3 |
Both | 2 (pre, post) | Anthropometry; blood pressure; biochemical markers. | BMI; systolic and diastolic BP; body fat; HDL: triglycerides; fasting blood glucose level. |
| [48] | Not reported | Saudi Arabia | 30 | 14.4 ± 2.0 15.6 ± 1.8 17.8 ± 0.4 |
Boys | 2 (pre, post) | Blood pressure; blood glucose monitoring; biochemical markers. | LDL; HDL; triglyceride; systolic and diastolic blood pressure; total day insulin; fasting blood glucose; HbA1c. |
| [49] | REC-010712 | NA | 53 | 17.0 ± 0.6 16.7 ± 0.4 16.7 ± 0.4 |
Boys | 2 (pre, post) | Anthropometry; multistage fitness test; push-up test; abdominal curl conditioning test; blood pressure. | BMI; body fat; systolic and diastolic BP; resting HR; VO2max; sit-ups; push-ups. |
| [50] | H-16026885 | Denmark | 1122 | 11.6 ± 0.5 11.4 ± 0.5 |
Both | 2 (pre, post) | Anthropometry; bioimpedance; blood pressure; YYIRT; stork balance stand test; standing long jump. | YYIRT distance; VO2max; BMI; standing forward jump; balance; body fat; muscle mass; systolic and diastolic BP; resting HR. |
Abbreviations: CMJ: counter-movement jump; BMI: body mass index; POmax: maximal power output; VO2max: maximal oxygen uptake; HR: heart rate; OLS: one-leg-standing; BP: blood pressure; CO, cardiac output; DT, transmitral deceleration time; IVRTglobal, global isovolumetric relaxation time; IVT, interventricular septum thickness; LA, left atrial; LVDD, left ventricular diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVPWD, left ventricular posterior wall diameter; LVSD, left ventricular systolic diameter; RVDD, right ventricular diastolic diameter; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; YYIRT: yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumoral necrosis factor-α; ET-1, endothelin-1; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Ln, normal logarithm; SDNN, standard deviation of the normalized R–R intervals; RMSSD, root mean square of the standard deviation; HF, high frequency; LF, low frequency, SD1 geometric parameter of the Poincaré plot; LNSDNN: log-natural standard deviation of the NN (R-R) intervals; NA: not available.