Table 5.
Characteristics of control groups.
| Study | Characteristic | Duration/Frequency | Attendance | Training Intensity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [39] | One group performing standard classes | 6 months/thrice a week | 72% | 77 ± 6% | Warm-up; aerobic endurance activities (40%); coordination and flexibility (20%); strength (15%); speed (15%). |
| [34] | One group performing standard classes | 10 weeks/twice a week | NA | NA | 40 min of physical education classes. |
| [40] | One group performing standard classes | 11 weeks/twice a week | NA | NA | 45 min of physical education classes. |
| [41] | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| [42] | Inactive group | NA | NA | NA | Kept their regular physical activity level. |
| [35] | One high-intensity interval training group and one control group | 12 weeks/NA | NA | High-intensity interval training (80.0 ± 3.0% HRmax) Control (68.3 ± 2.2% HRmax) |
Warm-up (10 min); 3 sets of high-intensity interval runs (100% maximal aerobic speed) interspaced by 3 min of passive rest; cool down (10 min) The control group performed the regular physical education classes. |
| [36] | One high-intensity interval training group and one control group | 12 weeks/NA | NA | High-intensity interval training (80.0 ± 3.0% HRmax) Control (68.3 ± 2.2% HRmax) |
Warm-up (10 min); 3 sets of high-intensity interval runs (100% maximal aerobic speed) interspaced by 3 min of passive rest; cool down (10 min) The control group performed the regular physical education classes. |
| [43] | Control group enrolled in regular physical education classes. | 8 weeks/2 sessions a week | NA | NA | One hour of physical education classes per session. |
| [38] | One group performed circuit strength training and one acted as the control. | 10 months/3 sessions | NA | 0.34 ± 0.09 arbitrary units player load | Circuit strength training consisted of 30 s of all-out exercise with 45 s rest in between. Six to ten stations were used focusing on plyometric and dynamic or static strength (upper and lower body). |
| [44] | Control group enrolled in regular physical education classes. | 11 weeks/2 session | NA | NA | Regular physical education classes of 45 min each. |
| [45] | Control group enrolled in regular physical education classes. | 11 weeks/2 session | NA | NA | Regular physical education classes of 45 min each. |
| [37] | Inactive group | NA | NA | NA | Kept their regular physical activity level. |
| [46] | Control group enrolled in regular physical education classes. | 32 weeks/2 sessions week | NA | NA | Regular physical education classes. |
| [47] | Inactive group | 32 weeks | NA | NA | Kept their regular physical activity level. |
| [48] | Diet-only group and control group | 12 weeks | NA | NA | One group had a nutritional program without exercise and the other acted as a control not receiving the program. |
| [49] | Control (inactive) | NA | NA | NA | Kept their regular physical activity level. |
| [50] | Control group enrolled in regular physical education classes. | 11 weeks/2 sessions week | NA | NA | Regular physical education classes. |
Abbreviations: NA: not available; HRmax: maximal heart rate.