Table 5.
The trauma patients grouped according to the number fit in the components of death tetrad. The patients with one, two, three, four items that fit in the components of the death tetrad were allocated into the group of death tetrad A, B, C, D, respectively.
| Variables | Trauma Death Tetrad | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death Tetrad A n = 554 |
Death Tetrad B n = 106 |
Death Tetrad C n = 41 |
Death Tetrad D n = 8 |
Normal n = 2652 |
p | |
| Gender | <0.001 | |||||
| Male, n (%) | 381 (68.8) | 93 (87.7) | 31 (75.6) | 6 (75.0) | 1682 (63.4) | |
| Female, n (%) | 173 (31.2) | 13 (12.3) | 10 (24.4) | 2 (25.0) | 970 (36.6) | |
| Age, years (SD) | 53.7 ± 20.3 | 52.2 ± 18.8 | 50.6 ± 18.8 | 52.3 ± 16.4 | 57.6 ± 19.9 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| CVA, n (%) | 13 (2.3) | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 156 (5.9) | 0.002 |
| HTN, n (%) | 157 (28.3) | 23 (21.7) | 11 (26.8) | 2 (25.0) | 962 (36.3) | <0.001 |
| CAD, n (%) | 42 (7.6) | 5 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 171 (6.4) | 0.282 |
| CHF, n (%) | 8 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (12.5) | 21 (0.8) | 0.003 |
| DM, n (%) | 83 (15.0) | 10 (9.4) | 4 (9.8) | 0 (0.0) | 541 (20.4) | 0.001 |
| ESRD, n (%) | 18 (3.2) | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (12.5) | 107 (4.0) | 0.269 |
| GCS, median (IQR) | 9 (4–15) | 4 (3–8) | 3 (3–9) | 3 (3–3) | 15 (8–15) | <0.001 |
| ISS, median (IQR) | 22 (16–29) | 25 (21–33) | 25 (16–38) | 25 (18–37) | 16 (9–24) | <0.001 |
| 1–15, n (%) | 134 (24.2) | 9 (8.5) | 8 (19.5) | 1 (12.5) | 1059 (39.9) | <0.001 |
| 16–24, n (%) | 164 (29.6) | 29 (27.4) | 8 (19.5) | 2 (25.0) | 950 (35.8) | 0.005 |
| ≥25, n (%) | 256 (46.2) | 68 (64.2) | 25 (61.0) | 5 (62.5) | 643 (24.2) | <0.001 |
| Mortality(%) | 156 (28.2) | 53 (50.0) | 32 (78.0) | 8 (100) | 276 (10.4) | <0.001 |
| AOR of Mortality | 3.69 (2.93–4.65) | 10.10 (6.65–15.35) | 40.18 (18.73–86.22) | - | - | <0.001 |
| Hospital LOS, days (SD) | 18.4 ± 16.8 | 18.4 ± 19.5 | 15.5 ± 21.0 | 7.1 ± 10.1 | 16.7 ± 15.6 | 0.052 |
| Admitted into ICU, n (%) | 468 (84.5) | 95 (89.6) | 39 (95.1) | 4 (50.0) | 1774 (66.9) | <0.001 |
AOR= Adjusted odds ratio; CAD = coronary artery disease; CHF = congestive heart failure; CI = confidence interval; CVA = cerebral vascular accident; DM = diabetes mellitus; ESRD = end-stage renal disease; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; HTN = hypertension; IQR = interquartile range; ISS = injury severity score; OR= odds ratio; SD = standard deviation.