Table 2.
Meta-analyses reporting indoor UVR tanning and risk of cutaneous melanoma. Available results by age group and dose/frequency of sunbed use are shown.
| Reference (Years of Included Studies) | n Studies a | n Cases Overall | CM Group Studied | Ever Indoor Tanning (vs. Never) RR (95% CI) |
Annual Frequency of Indoor Tanning (Times) RR (95% CI) |
Early Age at First Use of Indoor Tanning (Years) RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| An, 2021 [37] (Up to 2021) | 36 | 14,583 | CM | 1.27 (1.16–1.39) | <10: 1.33 (1.00–1.78) ≥10: 1.52 (1.22–1.89) |
<20: 1.47 (1.16–1.85)
≥20: 1.28 (1.01–1.63) |
| 2 | 1771 | CM < 50 y | 1.75 (1.14–2.69) | - | - | |
| Burgard, 2018 [38] (1981–2015) | 31 | 11,706 | CM | 1.19 (1.05–1.34) | ≤10: 1.13 (0.93–1.38) >10: 1.43 (1.17–1.74) |
<25: 1.59 (1.38–1.83) |
| Colantonio, 2014 [39] (1981–2012) | 31 | 14,956 | CM | 1.16 (1.05–1.28) | ≤10:1.07 (0.90–1.26) >10: 1.34 (1.05–1.71) |
<25: 1.35 (0.99–1.84) ≥25: 1.11 (0.86–1.42) |
| Boniol, 2012 [18] (1981–2012) | 27 | 11,428 | CM | 1.20 (1.08–1.34) | High:1.42 (1.15–1.74) | <35: 1.59 (1.36–1.85) b |
| IARC, 2007 [41] (1979–2005) | 19 | 7355 | CM | 1.15 (1.00–1.31) | - | <35: 1.75 (1.35–2.26) |
| Gallagher, 2005 [42] (1984–2004) | 10 | 4560 | CM | 1.25 (1.05–1.49) | Longest: 1.61 (1.21–2.12) c | Young adult: 1.69 (1.32–2.18) d |
UVR: ultraviolet radiation, n: number, CM: cutaneous melanoma, y: years old, RR: relative risk, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. (-): not reported data. Statistically significant results are shown in bold. a Different studies were included in different meta-analyses, accounting for the differences in the number of overall included cases. Apart from adding new studies, the most recent meta-analysis of An et al., 2021, did not include 8 studies that were included in the previous meta-analysis by Colantonio et al., 2014 (Beitner 1990, Gallagher 1986, Dubin 1989, Holly 1987, Kaskel 2001, Klepp and Magnus 1979, Rodenas 1996, Schmitt 2011). The meta-analysis of Boniol et al., updated the meta-analysis by IARC. b correction by Boniol et al. [43]. c Included longest duration or highest frequency of use. d Included studies with different age cut-offs ranging from 10–19 years to <30.