Table 1.

List of crops that have been proposed as ACs [21,27], their common and scientific names, family, area of origin, and nutritional value. These crops have been proposed as ACs due to their acclimatization potential to marginal environments and/or their tolerance to biotic (pests and diseases) or abiotic stress (high salinity and sodicity, droughts, and high temperatures).

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Area of Origin	Nutritional Value	Referance
Amaranthus	Amaranthus retroflexus	Amaranthaceae	Americas	Seeds abundant in protein content (13–19%), high levels of oils rich in squalene, and high amounts of antioxidants	[31]
Buckwheat	Fagopyrum esculentum	Polygonaceae	Asia	Protein content similar to that of wheat, aproximantely 3% fat content, and high crude fiber concentration	[32]
Canihua	Chenopodium pallidicaule	Amaranthaceae	Andes	Exeptional protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate content	[33]
Einkorn	Triticum monococcum	Poaceae	Asia Minor	Rich in antioxidant compounds such ascarotenoids, tocols, conjugated polyphenols, alkylresorcinols, and phytosterols	[34]
Emmer wheat	Triticum dicoccon	Poaceae	Eurasia	Rich in resistant starch, minerals, fibre, carotenoids, and antioxidant compounds	[35]
Foxtail	Setaria italica	Poaceae	Southern Asia	Rich in protein, fatty acids, minerals, and amino acids	[36]
Khorosan wheat	Triticum turgidum ssp. Turanicum	Poaceae	Mesopotamia	Higher protein, crude ash, and vitamine E content compared to wheat	[37]
Pearl millet	Cenchrus americanus	Poaceae	West Africa	360 calories, 12 g of protein, 5 g of fat, 1 g of fibres, and 67 g of carbohydrates per 100 g of seeds	[38]
Quinoa	Chenopodium quinoa	Amaranthaceae	Andes	Gluten-free, with high protein concent, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals	[39]
Salicornia	Salicornia bigelovii	Amaranthaceae	North America	Rich in bioactive compounds, vitamin A, minerals and fatty acids. Seedoil rich in linoleic acid	[40]
Spelt	Triticum spelta	Poaceae	Europe	Higher protein content, more non-essential amino acids, and less lysine	[41]
Tef	Eragrostis tef	Poaceae	Somali Peninsula	Gluten-free, rich in protein, dietary fiber, polyphenols, and minerals	[42]
Triticale	×Triticosecale	Poaceae	Europe	High protein content and slightly higher levels of most of the nutritious compounds when compared to wheat	[43]
Tritordeum	Tritordeum martinii	Poaceae	Europe	High total phenol content, antioxidant activity, dietary fiber content, and total free amino acids	[44]
Cowpea	Vigna unguiculata	Fabaceae	Southern Africa	Rich in protein (<20%) and minerals (calcium, potassium, sodium, and more)	[45]
Guar	Cyamopsis tetragonolobus	Fabaceae	Africa	High protein, ash, and polyphenol contents	[46]
Lablab	Lablab purpureus	Fabaceae	South-east Asia	Rich in proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins	[47]
White lupin	Lupinus albus	Fabaceae	Mediteranean Basin	Fair protein, fatty acid, and fibre content, as well as oligosaccharides, antioxidants, and non-starch carbohydrates	[48]
Pigeon pea	Cajanus cajan	Fabaceae	South Asia	Rich in starch, protein, calcium, manganese, crude fibre, fat, and minerals	[49]
Sesbania	Sesbania sp.	Fabaceae	North-East Africa	High protein content (can exced 40%), vitamin C, and calcium	[50]
Indian mustard	Brassica juncea	Brassicaceae	West Asia	Seeds rich in glucosinolates, sterols, and phenols. Leafs rich in glucose, fructose, and minerals	[51,52]
Purslane	Portulaca oleracea	Portulacaceae	Eurasia	Rich in omega-3, amino acids, and vitamins	[53]
Chia	Salvia hispanica	Lamiaceae	Central America	Seeds with high protein content (>15%), rich in lipids, and minerals. On average, 100 g of seed contains aproximantely 500 kcal	[54]
Nigella	Nigella sativa	Ranunculaceae	Eastern Europe	Rich in fatty acids, phytosterols, glycolipids, and phospholipids	[55]
Sweet potato	Ipomoea batatas	Convolvulaceae	Americas	Protein content ranging from 4–27%, rich in β-carotene and anthocyanin	[56]
Camelina	Camelina sativa	Brassicaceae	Europe	Excelent source of essential unsaturated fatty acids, particularly OMEGA-3 fatty acids	[57]