Table 3.
Summaries of different illumination and image acquisition methods in machine vision systems applied for meat detection.
| Samples | Applications | Image Acquisition Methods | Lighting Methods | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pork | Detection of defects in pork loin longus muscle | Macro lens digital camera | Halogen lamp | [148] |
| Pork | Determination of TVB-N in pork | High-performance charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras | 2 × 18 W lighting tubes produce light scattering | [149] |
| Fish | Development of a new rapid non-destructive technique to assess fish freshness | CCD camera with 8 mm zoom lens | Fluorescent and LED lamps | [150] |
| Beef, pork, chicken | Limits of colorimeter and image analysis techniques when evaluating the color of beef, pork, and chicken | Digital camera with CMOS sensor | 4 fluorescent lamps and light diffusers | [151] |
| Fish | Assessment of the freshness of the fish | Color Digital Camera | 4 fluorescent lamps | [152] |
| Tilapia | Development of a machine vision system based on pupil and gill color changes in tilapia | Color Digital Camera | 4 fluorescent lamps provide diffuse reflection | [163] |
| Beef | Accurate estimation of beef marbling standards (BMS) quantities | Ultrasound Echo Signal | / | [155] |
| Beef | Estimate of the number of marbling in live cattle | Ultrasound systems with universal transducer arrays | / | [156] |
| Beef | The accuracy and precision of intramuscular fat prediction in lean cattle | Scanners with quality ultrasound indexing programs and transducers | / | [157] |
| Meat | Study of the distribution of several textural characteristics within meat products | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging | / | [158] |
| Meat | The structural and physical changes in meat during cooking | Horizontal 4.7T MRI system | / | [159] |
| Pork | Assessment of whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can reliably analyze components in pigs | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging | / | [160] |
| Lamb | Development of a new muscle index for the hind leg and lumbar region of lambs | CT | / | [161] |
| Salmon, trout | Automatic detection of fish bones in fish fillets | CT | / | [162] |
| Meat | Prediction of carcass leanness ratio and different cuts | CT | / | [105] |
Abbreviations: TVB-N, total volatile base nitrogen; CCD, charge-coupled device; LED, light emitting diode; CMOS, complementary metal oxide semiconductor; BMS, beef marbling standards; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CT, computed tomography.