Table 2.
Phenolics profile of uncooked and cooked brown rice under different soaking conditions during cooking.
| Phenolic Compound |
Form | UC | Cooked Brown Rice under Different Soaking Conditions during Cooking | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | 40-30 | 40-60 | 50-30 | 50-60 | 60-30 | 60-60 | 70-30 | 70-60 | |||
| Ferulic acid (ng/g DW) |
Bound | 55.26 ± 1.22 a | 40.08 ± 0.75 b | 40.54 ± 0.88 b | 40.96 ± 0.27 b | 40.88 ± 0.66 b | 41.54 ± 1.08 b | 40.87 ± 0.54 b | 41.98 ± 0.74 b | 40.58 ± 0.97 b | 40.57 ± 0.75 b |
| Total | 58.21 ± 0.97 a | 41.62 ± 0.94 b | 42.13 ± 0.58 b | 42.51 ± 0.35 b | 42.36 ± 0.74 b | 43.07 ± 1.04 b | 42.43 ± 0.47 b | 43.57 ± 0.64 b | 42.21 ± 0.78 b | 42.13 ± 0.89 b | |
| Isoferulic acid (ng/g DW) |
Bound | 14.28 ± 0.33 a | 12.56 ± 0.24 b | 12.94 ± 0.12 b | 11.78 ± 0.15 b | 12.65 ± 0.28 b | 12.84 ± 0.39 b | 12.51 ± 0.18 b | 13.14 ± 0.08 b | 12.95 ± 0.20 b | 12.43 ± 0.42 b |
| Total | 14.28 ± 0.33 a | 12.56 ± 0.24 b | 12.94 ± 0.12 b | 11.78 ± 0.15 b | 12.65 ± 0.28 b | 12.84 ± 0.39 b | 12.51 ± 0.18 b | 13.14 ± 0.08 b | 12.95 ± 0.20 b | 12.43 ± 0.42 b | |
|
p-Coumaric acid (ng/g DW) |
Bound | 10.60 ± 0.40 a | 9.10 ± 0.12 b | 8.92 ± 0.05 b | 9.17 ± 0.10 b | 9.12 ± 0.05 b | 9.05 ± 0.04 b | 9.00 ± 0.11 b | 9.13 ± 0.13 b | 9.14 ± 0.04 b | 9.04 ± 0.10 b |
| Total | 14.08 ± 0.65 a | 10.22 ± 0.24 b | 10.11 ± 0.10 b | 10.39 ± 0.09 b | 10.29 ± 0.14 b | 10.20 ± 0.15 b | 10.24 ± 0.07 b | 10.20 ± 0.19 b | 10.28 ± 0.04 b | 10.21 ± 0.16 b | |
| Salicylic acid (ng/g DW) |
Bound | 1.59 ± 0.07 a | 1.39 ± 0.06 b | 1.42 ± 0.03 b | 1.40 ± 0.01 b | 1.39 ± 0.04 b | 1.37 ± 0.05 b | 1.38 ± 0.02 b | 1.39 ± 0.02 b | 1.38 ± 0.04 b | 1.40 ± 0.03 b |
| Total | 1.59 ± 0.07 a | 1.39 ± 0.06 b | 1.42 ± 0.03 b | 1.40 ± 0.01 b | 1.39 ± 0.04 b | 1.37 ± 0.05 b | 1.38 ± 0.02 b | 1.39 ± 0.02 b | 1.38 ± 0.04 b | 1.40 ± 0.03 b | |
| Sum (ng/g DW) |
Bound | 81.73 ± 1.56 a | 63.13 ± 0.94 b | 63.82 ± 1.14 b | 63.31 ± 0.87 b | 64.04 ± 1.05 b | 64.80 ± 1.54 b | 63.76 ± 1.36 b | 65.64 ± 0.85 b | 66.05 ± 1.02 b | 63.44 ± 0.98 b |
| Total | 88.16 ± 1.78 a | 65.79 ± 1.07 b | 66.60 ± 1.28 b | 66.08 ± 0.97 b | 66.69 ± 1.34 b | 67.48 ± 1.97 b | 66.56 ± 1.49 b | 68.30 ± 1.89 b | 68.82 ± 1.12 b | 66.16 ± 1.16 b | |
Means followed by different lowercase letters within rows are significantly different (p < 0.05). ND, not determined. Abbreviation was listed: UC (uncooked brown rice), US (unsoaked brown rice); soaking conditions such as “40-30” respected soaking at 40 °C for 30 min.