Table 1.
Baseline characteristic of the cohorts.
| Development | Cohort | Validation | Cohort | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unilateral PA (n = 96) |
Bilateral PA (n = 54) |
p-Value | Unilateral PA (n = 94) |
Bilateral PA (n = 44) |
p-Value | |
| Age (years) | 51 (44–58) | 52 (47–58) | 0.52 | 49 (41–57) | 47 (41–56) | 0.55 |
| Females | 41 (43%) | 12 (22%) | 0.01 | 23 (24%) | 13 (30%) | 0.53 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29 (25–32) | 30 (28–32) | 0.16 | 30 (27–33) | 31 (29–34) | 0.16 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 170 (150–180) | 160 (150–170) | 0.17 | 159 (150–170) | 155 (145–162) | 0.12 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 100 (90–110) | 97 (88–105) | 0.12 | 99 (90–105) | 98 (90–103) | 0.68 |
| 24h systolic BP (mm Hg) | 150 (137–161) | 150 (137–163) | 0.87 | 150 (140–158) | 147 (139–157) | 0.48 |
| 24h diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 93 (85–98) | 91 (84–97) | 0.69 | 91 (85–96) | 91 (85–98) | 0.96 |
| Duration of disease (years) | 9 (4–15) | 11 (6–16) | 0.41 | 8 (5–12) | 7 (3–16) | 0.78 |
| Antihypertensive drugs (n) | 4 (2–5) | 4 (2–6) | 0.14 | 4 (2–4) | 3 (2–5) | 0.67 |
| Lowest potassium (mmol/L) | 3.0 (2.8–3.3) | 3.2 (2.9–3.5) | 0.11 | 3.2 (2.9–3.5) | 3.6 (3.3–3.9) | <0.0001 |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 3.4 (3.1–3.7) | 3.7 (3.4–4.0) | 0.0009 | 3.4 (3.2–3.7) | 3.9 (3.7–4.1) | <0.0001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 126 (104–153) | 119 (100–133) | 0.11 | 128 (114–165) | 152 (110–186) | 0.24 |
| Baseline PAC (ng/dL) | 29.1 (18.3–53.7) | 22.2 (14.1–32.6) | 0.002 | 26.5 (18.7–36.5) | 16.8 (13.1–20.8) | <0.0001 |
| Baseline PRA (ng/mL/h) | 0.32 (0.20–0.43) | 0.35 (0.25–0.53) | 0.046 | NA | NA | |
| ARR [ng/dL/(ng/mL/h)] | 106 (51–192) | 56 (39–91) | <0.0001 | NA | NA | |
| Baseline DRC (ng/L) | NA | NA | 1.50 (0.49–2.70) | 1.51 (0.50–3.30) | 0.62 | |
| ADRR [ng/dL/(ng/L)] | NA | NA | 13 (6–35) | 9 (6–15) | 0.04 | |
| Adrenal nodules on CT | 68 (71%) | 8 (15%) | <0.0001 | 58 (62%) | 16 (36%) | 0.005 |
| PAC after SIT (ng/dL) | 18.0 (12.1–34.8) | 11.5 (8.1–16.3) | <0.0001 | 17.5 (11.7–23.2) | 11.0 (7.5–13.9) | <0.0001 |
Values are shown as medians (interquartile range), or absolute values (percentages). ADRR, aldosterone-to-direct renin ratio; ARR, aldosterone-to-renin ratio; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate = 194 × (SCr)−1.094 × (Age)−0.287, × 0.739 if female; CT, computed tomography; DRC, direct renin concentration; NA, not applicable; PA, primary aldosteronism; PAC, plasma aldosterone concentration; PRA, plasma renin activity; SIT, saline infusion test.