Table 2.
Summary of Main Results of Included Studies.
| Author and Year | Type of Special Patient | Study Type | Sample and Groups |
Gender and Relation with Caries |
Age (Mean Age) and Relation with DMFT |
Caries Evaluation | DMFT and Decayed Teeth |
Caries Prevalence | More Caries than HP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agarwal et al., 2021 [24] | Schizophrenia | CS | 111 | M: 74.4% F: 25.3% N.I. |
34.73 y DMFT increase with age |
OE | M: 3.0 F: 3.1 All: 3.09 Decayed N.I. |
N.I. | N.I. |
| Arora et al., 2019 [27] | Drug addicts | Case- Control |
Case: 100 Control: 100 |
Case: 100 male Control: 100 male N.I. |
Case: 30.8 y Control: 29.8 y N.I. |
OE | Case: 5.71 Control 2.45 Decayed N.I. |
N.I. | Yes |
| Blomqvist et al., 2015 [31] | Autism spectrum disorder | CS | Autism: 47 Control: 69 |
M: 53.2% F: 46.8% N.I. |
33 y N.I. |
OE, RE | Autism: 14.9 Control: 15.9 Decayed: Autism: 4.9 Control: 10.3 |
N.I. | No |
| Cao et al., 2018 [28] | Adult heart transplant (AHT) | CS |
AHT: 81 Control: 63 |
AHT M: 69.1% F: 30.9% Control M: 63.5% F: 36.5% N.I. |
AHT: 47.7 Control: 49.6 N.I. |
OE |
AHT: 3 Control: 3 |
AHT: 80.2% Control: 79.4% |
No |
| Diab et al., 2017 [15] | Intellectual disabilities | CS |
Case: 510 Survey: 1877 |
N.I. | Age brackets from 12 to 44 DMFT increase with age |
ID: OE Survey: SR |
12 y: 4.27 15 y: 4.80 35–44 y: 12.71 Decayed: ID 12: 3.90 15: 4.01 35–44: 3.17 Survey: 12: 5.14 15: 6.80 35–44: 7.20 |
N.I. | No |
| Fernandez et al., 2016 [14] | Intellectual disabilities | CS | Poland: 1549 Romania: 1683 Slovenia: 293 |
Poland: M: 69% F: 31% Romania: M: 60% F: 40% Slovenia: M: 64% F: 36% N.I. |
Poland: 23.2 y Romania 22.9 y Slovenia 27.8 y N.I. |
OE | N.I. | Poland: 41% Romania: 19% Slovenia 61% |
N.I. |
| Goud et al., 2021 [32] | Psychiatric patients | CS | 150 | M: 60% F: 40% |
33.79 y N.I. |
OE | 4.06 Decayed: 3.4 |
87.3% | N.I. |
| Kapellas et al., 2021 [29] | Kidney disease | CS |
Case: 102 Control: 312 Survey: 4775 |
Case M: 39.2% F: 60.8% Control M: 55.8% F: 44.2% Survey: M: 49.7% F: 50.3% N.I. |
Case: 48.1 Control: 40.01 Survey: 44.84 N.I. |
Case and control: OE Survey: SR |
Case: 0.86 Control: 9.72 Survey: 14.01 Decayed Case: 3.17 Control: 3.02 Survey: 0.59 |
N.I. | No |
| Liberali et al., 2013 [21] | HIV | CS |
92–93: 54 9–10: 60 |
92–93 M: 90.7% F: 9.3% 9–10 M: 96.7% F: 3.3% N.I. |
92–93 Age brackets from 25 to 50+ 9–10 Age brackets from 25 to 50+ N.I. |
OE RE |
92–93: 15.6 9–10: 8.7 AM: 15.3 Decayed 1992: 2.4 2009: 0.6 AM: 0.6 |
92–93: 51.9% 9–10: 35% Control: 24.2% |
No |
| Lima et al., 2019 [30] | Diabetic | CS |
Diabetics from Fortaleza: 60 Diabetics from Rouen: 60 |
FOR: M: 50% F: 50% Rouen: M: 50% F: 50% N.I. |
Fortaleza Age brackets from 25 to 85+ Rouen: Age brackets from 25 to 85+ N.I. |
OE |
Fortaleza 27.1 Rouen: 25.8 Decayed Fortaleza 0.5 Rouen 1.7 |
FOR 50% Rouen 38.9% |
N.I. |
| Ningrum et al., 2020 [16] | Intellectual disability | CS | 65 | M: 48% F: 52% Male |
22 y N.I. |
OE | N.I. Decayed F: 3.00 M: 7.55 |
N.I. | N.I. |
| Oliveira et al., 2013 [17] | Intellectual disability | CS |
ID: 103 Siblings: 103 |
ID: M: 60% F: 40% Siblings M: 40% F: 60% N.I. |
Age brackets from 12 to 36 N.I. |
OE | ID: 6.36 Siblings: 5.06 Decayed: ID: 3.52 Siblings: 2.03 |
ID: 55.3% Siblings: 40.1% |
Yes |
| Petrovic et al., 2016 [18] | Intellectual disability | CS | 726 | M: 62.75% F: 37.25%
|
Age bracets from 12 to 20+ No differences between age |
OE | 12–20: 3.89 +20: 4.83 M: 4.73 F: 3.90 Decayed: 4.37 |
N.I. | N.I. |
| Pini et al., 2016 [1] | Down syndrome Cerebral palsy Intellectual disability |
CS | DS: 17 CP: 13 ID: 17 |
DS M: 41% F: 59% CP M: 69% F: 31% ID M: 59% F: 41% N.I. |
Age brackets from 12 to 55 N.I. |
OE | DS: <10:47% >10: 52% CP: <10: 69% >10: 30% ID: <10 53% >10: 47% Decayed: N.I. |
N.I. | N.I. |
| Porovic et al., 2016 [13] | Down syndrome | CS | 33 | M: 63.6% F: 36.4% N.I. |
From 19 to 45 N.I. |
OE | 15.96 Decayed: 3.57 |
N.I. | N.I. |
| Rezaei-Soufi et al., 2014 [22] | HIV | CS | HIV T 50 HIV WT 50 |
Treatment M: 71.4% F: 28.6% Control M: 81.8% F: 18.2% N.I. |
Case: 36 y Control: 38 y N.I. |
OE | Case: 15.14 Control: 14.45 Decayed Case: 6.86 Control: 5.36 |
Treatment: 34.52% Control: 27.42% |
N.I. |
| Rungsiyanont et al., 2012 [23] | HIV | CS | 299 | M: 28.6% F: 71% N.I. |
36.7 y N.I. |
SR | N.I. | 65.9% | N.I. |
| Schmidt et al., 2021 [19] | Intellectual disability | CS | 132 | M: 49.2% F: 51.8% No differences between gender |
35.2 y DMFT increased with age |
OE | All: 9.5 M:9.9 F: 9.2 Decayed All: 0.5 M: 0.5 F: 0.6 |
All: 89.4% M: 87.1% F: 91% |
N.I. |
| Schulte et al., 2013 [20] | Intellectual disability | CS | 428 | M: 51.4% F: 48.6% No differences between gender |
All: 35.5 y M: 36.7 y F: 34.3 y DMFT increased with age |
OE | All:12.25 M: 12.42 F: 12.09 Decayed M: 2.14 F: 1.83 |
All: 95.5% Caries free: 4.4% M: 95.7% F: 95.4% |
N.I. |
| Wey et al., 2016 [25] | Schizophrenia | CS |
Case: 543 Survey: 8332 |
M: 66.7% F: 33.3% N.I. |
54.8 y DMFT increased with age |
Case: OE Survey: SR |
Case: 20.5 Survey: 11.6 Decayed Case: 3.48 Survey: 1.70 |
Case: 82.2% Survey: 89.3% |
No |
| Zaliunienne et al., 2014 [26] | Haemophilia | Case-Control |
Case: 75 Control: 72 |
M: 100% N.I. |
Age bracets from 11 to 60 N.I. |
OE, RE | Case: 9.4 Control: 9.3 Decayed: Case: 3.1 Control: 2.7 |
N.I. | No |
HIV T: HIV with treatment; HIV WT: HIV without treatment; M: male; F: female; HP: healthy patient; N.I: no information; OE: oral exploration; SR: self-reported; RE: radiograph exploration; AM: aged matched; DMFT: decayed, missing, and filled teeth; DS: down syndrome; CP: cerebral palsy; ID: intellectual disability.