Reported MSDs						Statistics
Risk Factors	n	(%)	Yes (%) (n = 247)		No (%) (n = 123)		χ2	df	p a
Socio-demographic
Age (years)
24–28	38	10	4.86	18	5.4	20	9.9	2	<0.05
29–39	187	51	33	122	18	65
≥40	145	39	29	107	10	38
Work related
Seat adaptability issue
Yes	286	77	48	177	29	109	13	1	<0.05
No	84	23	19	70	4	14
Prolong sitting
Yes	270	73	42	156	31	115	39	1	<0.05
No	100	27	25	91	2	8
Periodic postural changes
Yes	276	75	44	161	31	115	35	1	<0.05
No	94	25	23	86	2	8
On duty breaks
Yes	189	51	48	177	29	109	13	1	<0.05
No	181	49	19	70	4	14
Egress/ingress
Yes	272	74	41	152	10	37	33	1	<0.05
No	98	26	26	95	23	86
Participation in some form of physical activity
Yes	122	33	1	2	32	120	348	1	<0.05
No	248	67	66	245	1	3
Posture training
Yes	177	48	28	103	20	74	11	1	<0.05
No	193	52	39	144	13	49
Reachable in-vehicle controls
Yes	291	79	54	198	25	93	1	1	>0.05
No	79	21	13	49	8	30
Reliance on outside food
Yes	323	87	62	230	25	93	23	1	<0.05
No	47	13	5	17	11	30
Exposed to vibration while working
Low magnitude	69	19	2	9	16	60	110	1	<0.05
High magnitude	301	81	64	238	17	63
Stress at work
Yes	313	85	62	230	22	83	41	1	<0.05
No	57	15	5	17	11	40
Access to potable water and bathrooms while on duty
Yes	104	28	9	32	19	72	84	1	<0.05
No	266	72	58	215	14	51
Work satisfaction (personally)
Yes	262	71	13	49	15	55	25	1	<0.05
No	108	29	54	198	18	68
sufficient breaks at work
Yes	97	26	20	75	6	22	6.6	1	<0.05
No	273	74	46	172	27	101
Thermal distress in the cabin
Yes	213	56	50	186	7	27	96	1	<0.05
No	157	42	16	61	26	96
Shift timings
First	157	42	26	96	16	61	14	1	<0.05
Second	100	27	1	60	11	40
General	113	31	25	91	6	22
Cabin surroundings
Yes	242	65	58	213	7	29	142	1	<0.05
No	128	35	9	34	25	94
Bending over to reach side mirrors
Yes	198	54	42	155	12	43	37	1	<0.05
No	172	46	22	82	24	90
On-the-job exposure to air pollution
Yes	309	84	65	240	19	69	101	1	<0.05
No	61	16	1	7	14	54
Hazardous driving job
Yes	237	64	57	210	7	27	142	1	<0.05
No	133	36	10	37	26	96
A proclivity towards risky driving
Yes	78	21	12	45	9	33	3.7	1	>0.05
No	292	79	55	202	24	90
Participated in traffic violence
Yes	121	33	10	36	23	85	111	1	<0.05
No	249	67	57	211	10	38
Reacting to other drivers
Yes	189	51	40	147	11	42	21	1	<0.05
No	181	49	27	100	22	81
Daily route road conditions
Average/good	110	30	10	37	20	73	77	1	<0.05
Bad/worst	260	70	57	210	13	50
Shutting off ignition at signals
Yes	288	78	58	214	20	74	33	1	<0.05
No	92	25	9	33	16	49
Maintenance department’s daily/weekly inquiries about bus condition were promptly resolved
Delayed	257	69	54	200	15	57	46	1	<0.05
Sometimes on time	113	31	13	47	18	66
Manhole protrusion on daily routes
Yes	101	27	9	32	18	69	77	1	<0.05
No	269	73	58	215	15	54
Sleeping in bus after duty
Yes	226	61	54	199	7	27	119	1	<0.05
No	144	39	13	48	26	96
Health related
Body mass index
Under weight	22	6	5	20	1	2	8	3	<0.05
Normal weight	300	81	51	192	30	108
Overweight	42	11	8	30	3	12
Obese	6	2	1	5	1	1
Current state of health
Good	83	22	18	68	4	15	21	2	<0.05
Average	153	41	22	81	22	82
Bad/very bad	134	36	21	78	12	46
Experiencing fatigue after work
Yes	233	63	57	210	6	23	155	1	<0.05
No	137	37	10	37	27	100
Lack of strength
yes	230	6	42	155	9	35	24	1	<0.05
no	140	38	14	52	24	88
Surgical history
Yes	72	19	13	47	6	25	0.8	1	>0.05
No	298	81	54	200	27	98
Muscle exhaustion during working hours
Yes	276	75	64	236	11	40	172	1	<0.05
No	94	25	3	11	22	83
Training on health and safety
regularly	136	37	26	97	11	39	2	1	>0.05
sometimes	234	63	40	150	23	84
Pain relief by self-medication
yes	98	26	14	51	12	47	13	1	<0.05
no	272	74	53	196	21	76