Table 1.
Overview of the reviewed sources grouped by the type of the study separately for within 22q11DS and between-group studies.
| Author | Age Range | Sample Size | Environmental Factor | Outcome Measure | Significance * |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within 22q11DS | |||||
| Parental influence | |||||
| Sandini et al., 2020 [27] | Patients > 11 years old | 103 patients in a total sample | Parental anxiety and depression | Children’s psychopathology | + |
| Briegel and Andritschky 2021 [28] | 4–14 years old and their mothers | 41 children for the analysis | Maternal stress | Children’s behaviour problems | - |
| Allen et al., 2014 [29] | 9–18 years old | 48 children and adolescents | Parenting style | Children’s behaviour problems | + |
| Klaassen et al., 2016 [30] | 5.2–15.9 years old | 171 children | Parental Intelligence | The intelligence of the offspring | + |
| Socio-economic status (SES) | |||||
| Olszewski et al., 2014 [31] | 11.8 ± 2.0 years old | 73 children | Parental education | The intelligence of the offspring | + |
| Shashi et al., 2012 [32] | 10.5 ± 2.6 years old | 66 children | Parental SES | Social competency | + |
| Stress | |||||
| Gur et al., 2021 [33] | 24.6 ± 9.3 years old | 80 patients | Peer victimisation | Reports of anxiety/depression | + |
| Armando et al., 2018 [34] | 12 to 25 years old | 59 patients | Past stress load | Dysfunctional coping strategies | + |
| Substances | |||||
| Vingerhoets et al., 2019 [35] | 30.91 ± 12.65 years old | 434 adults | Substance use | Psychosis | - |
| Between-groups | |||||
| Parental influence | |||||
| Serur et al., 2022 [36] | 3–8 years old | 24 children with 22q11DS, 28 children with idiopathic ASD and 23 typically developed children | Parental expressed emotions | Children’s behavioural problems | - |
| Socio-economic status (SES) | |||||
| Shashi et al., 2010 [37] | 10.2 ± 2.6 years old for patients | 65 children with 22q11DS and 52 controls | SES | Cognition | - |
| Stress | |||||
| van Duin et al., 2019 [38] | 34.11 ± 9.81 years old for patients | 27 adults with 22q11DS and 24 age/sex-matched healthy controls | Activity-related stress | Cortisol reactivity | + |
| Schneider et al., 2020 [18] | 34.11 ± 9.81 years old for patients | 27 adults with 22q11DS and 24 matched controls | Daily-life stressors | Affective and psychotic reactivity | - |
* Indication of whether the results were significant (“+”) or not (“-”) was based on the study-defined significance threshold.