Table 3.
App Effects on Dependent Variables (N = 73).
| Variables | G | T1 | T2 | T3 | S | F/Z | p | T2-T1 (M ± SD) |
T3-T1 (M ± SD) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M ± SD | t/z | p | t/z | p | |||||||
| Postpartum depression | Exp. (n = 37) | 13.95 ± 4.56 | 10.70 ± 4.64 | 9.84 ± 5.79 | G | 2.36 | 0.129 | −3.24 ± 3.99 | −4.11 ± 5.31 | ||
| Cont. (n = 36) | 15.03 ± 5.35 | 13.03 ± 6.19 | 11.47 ± 6.05 | T | 23.37 | <0.001 | −2.00 ± 5.61 | −3.56 ± 4.46 | |||
| G×T | 0.59 | 0.555 | −1.09 | 0.278 | −0.48 | 0.632 | |||||
| Knowledge of depression | Exp. (n = 37) | 12.11± 1.31 | 11.78 ± 1.25 | 12.08 ± 1.38 | G | 0.05 | 0.830 | −0.32 ± 1.23 | −0.03 ± 1.09 | ||
| Cont. (n = 36) | 12.17 ± 1.16 | 12.08 ± 1.02 | 11.89 ± 1.51 | T | 1.23 | 0.296 | −0.08 ± 0.97 | −0.28 ± 1.41 | |||
| G×T | 1.65 | 0.195 | −0.74 | 0.457 † | 0.44 | 0.661 † | |||||
| Maladaptive beliefs | Exp. (n = 37) | 93.84 ± 19.17 | 89.65 ± 21.17 | 87.19 ± 19.27 | G | 0.00 | 0.947 | −4.19 ± 13.68 | −6.65 ± 19.90 | ||
| Cont. (n = 36) | 91.44 ± 18.27 | 91.89 ± 21.01 | 88.19 ± 21.45 | T | 4.04 | 0.024 | 0.44 ± 12.29 | −3.25 ± 13.94 | |||
| G×T | 0.93 | 0.388 | −1.52 | 0.133 | −0.84 | 0.402 | |||||
| Social support | Exp. (n = 37) | 85.95 ± 15.09 | 88.54 ± 11.50 | 90.38 ± 14.91 | G | 0.58 | 0.448 | 2.59 ± 11.46 | 4.43 ± 14.85 | ||
| Cont. (n = 36) | 84.17 ± 14.44 | 85.31 ± 18.75 | 87.81 ± 18.61 | T | 4.27 | 0.016 | 1.14 ± 11.86 | 3.64 ± 9.92 | |||
| G×T | 0.14 | 0.870 | 0.53 | 0.596 | 0.27 | 0.789 | |||||
| Stress-coping behaviour | |||||||||||
| Problem-focused coping | Exp. (n = 37) | 22.89 ± 4.82 | 24.05 ± 3.18 | 24.14 ± 3.10 | G | 0.02 | 0.888 | 1.16 ± 3.14 | 1.24 ± 3.63 | ||
| Cont. (n = 36) | 23.17 ± 3.89 | 23.81 ± 2.67 | 23.81 ± 3.13 | T | 4.23 | 0.021 | 0.64 ± 3.33 | 0.64 ± 3.47 | |||
| G×T | 0.40 | 0.641 | −0.93 | 0.351 † | −0.88 | 0.378 † | |||||
| Seeking social support | Exp. (n = 37) | 9.35 ± 2.54 | 9.84 ± 1.94 | 9.92 ± 2.06 | G | 0.87 | 0.353 | 0.49 ± 2.19 | 0.57 ± 2.27 | ||
| Cont. (n = 36) | 8.92 ± 2.93 | 9.39 ± 2.11 | 9.44 ± 2.62 | T | 3.01 | 0.060 | 0.47 ± 2.27 | 0.53 ± 2.35 | |||
| G×T | 0.00 | 0.993 | −0.30 | 0.766 † | −0.29 | 0.768 † | |||||
| Tension reduction | Exp. (n = 37) | 20.86 ± 3.15 | 21.57 ± 2.90 | 21.41 ± 2.71 | G | 0.01 | 0.930 | 0.70 ± 3.13 | 0.54 ± 3.16 | ||
| Cont. (n = 36) | 21.36 ± 3.32 | 21.33 ± 3.60 | 21.31 ± 2.98 | T | 0.49 | 0.612 | −0.03 ± 2.87 | −0.06 ± 2.47 | |||
| G×T | 0.62 | 0.542 | 1.04 | 0.302 | 0.90 | 0.372 | |||||
| Wishful thinking | Exp. (n = 37) | 21.30 ± 3.50 | 21.57 ± 3.24 | 21.68 ± 3.15 | G | 0.03 | 0.859 | 0.27 ± 3.06 | 0.38 ± 3.30 | ||
| Cont. (n = 36) | 21.78 ± 3.16 | 21.08 ± 3.23 | 21.36 ± 3.10 | T | 0.17 | 0.846 | −0.69 ± 3.21 | −0.42 ± 4.07 | |||
| G×T | 0.81 | 0.449 | −1.13 | 0.259 † | −0.55 | 0.583 † | |||||
| Health-promoting behaviour | Exp. (n = 37) | 40.84 ± 7.52 | 44.11 ± 8.11 | 46.97 ± 9.72 | G | 2.69 | 0.105 | 3.27 ± 4.99 | 6.14 ± 8.27 | ||
| Cont. (n = 36) | 39.89 ± 7.58 | 42.50 ± 8.67 | 40.97 ± 9.40 | T | 10.08 | <0.001 | 2.61 ± 7.63 | 1.08 ± 6.29 | |||
| G×T | 5.15 | 0.007 | 0.44 | 0.663 | 2.93 | 0.005 | |||||
| Sleep quality | Exp. (n = 37) | 9.73 ± 3.11 | 8.76 ± 3.20 | 8.30 ± 3.37 | G | 0.80 | 0.373 | −0.97 ± 2.86 | −1.43 ± 3.51 | ||
| Cont. (n = 36) | 10.25 ± 3.60 | 9.67 ± 3.41 | 8.64 ± 3.46 | T | 8.38 | 0.001 | −0.58 ± 3.56 | −1.61 ± 3.64 | |||
| G×T | 0.31 | 0.715 | −0.81 | 0.418 † | −0.06 | 0.956 † | |||||
| Self-recorded data in Happiness Diary | |||||||||||
| Mood | Exp. (n = 23) | 4.19 ± 1.85 | 5.98 ± 1.90 | 1.79 ± 2.51 | |||||||
| −2.81 | 0.005 ‡ | ||||||||||
| Sleep | Exp. (n = 23) | 3.70 ± 1.02 | 5.17 ± 1.67 | 1.48 ± 1.70 | |||||||
| −3.23 | 0.001 ‡ | ||||||||||
| Activity (%) | Exp. (n = 11) | 51.18 ± 22.68 | 81.45 ± 20.90 | 30.27 ± 29.27 | |||||||
| −2.81 | 0.005 ‡ | ||||||||||
† Mann–Whitney U Test; ‡ Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test; T2: 8 weeks; T3: 5 months.