Table 1.

Description of relevant symbols in the chapter.

Symbol	Represent Meaning
$p_{binary}$	The value of pixel P’s color in the picture after binarization
${\mu }_{pixel}$	The average value of all pixels’ color values in the picture
$p_{norm}$	The regularized value of pixel P’s color value in the picture
$p_{\min },p_{\max }$	The highest color value and the lowest color value in a picture
$r_{j,k}$	The final output result of the (j, k)th pixel on the picture
$p_{i,j,k}$	The value of the (j, k)th pixel of ith output picture
$T(\alpha ,\beta )$	Tversky Loss Function with α and β as variable
${ℝ}_i,{\mathbb{Q}}_i$	The ith pixel value of the prediction result and the true result, with a value of 0 or 1
$\epsilon$	The value added to avoid the division of 0 by 0, with a value of 1 × 10-8