Table 1.

Summary of SPOP substrates and their cellular functions. Androgen receptor—AR, progesterone receptor—PR, steroid receptor coactivator 3—SRC3, Macrohistone H2A1—MacroH2A, Phosphatase and tensin homolog—PTEN, Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 7—DUSP7, Fas-associated death domain protein—FADD, Programmed death ligand 1—PD-L1, Pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1—Pdx1, fatty acid synthase—FASN, breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1—BRMS1.

SPOP-Binding Substrates	Pathway or Process Involved	Refs.
AR, TRIM24	Androgen receptor signaling	[56,57,59]
17βHSD4	Androgen biosynthesis	[88]
ERα	Estrogen receptor signaling	[35,95,96]
DDIT3	ER stress-induced apoptosis	[78]
PR	Progesterone receptor signaling	[25,36,37]
SRC3	Progesterone, estrogen and androgen receptor signaling	[25,58]
HIPK2, 53BP1	DNA damage response	[64,65]
GLP	DNA methylation	[90]
SETD2	H3K36 Trimethylation	[117,118]
DEK	DNA replication and mRNA processing	[77]
BMI1, MacroH2A	X-chromosome inactivation	[67,68]
Gli2, Gli3	Hedgehog signaling pathway	[39,60,61,62,63,98,99]
CDCA5, PDK1, PTEN	PI3K-AKT signaling pathway	[39,91,92]
DUSP7	ERK pathway	[39]
PIPKIIβ	Phosphoinositide signaling pathway	[113]
MyD88	TLR-MyD88-NF-κB pathway	[101,102,103]
FADD	Pancreatic stellate cell activation and NF-κβ signaling	[105]
PD-L1	PD-L1/PD-1 pathway	[66]
BRD2/3/4	AKT-mTORC1 signaling pathway	[19,75,76]
Cdc20, CYCLIN E1	Cell cycle	[81,82]
c-MYC	Cell cycle, apoptosis and cellular transformation	[36,83]
Daxx	Apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle and angiogenesis	[39]
SENP 7	Cellular senescence	[72,107]
HDAC6, ITCH, DHX9	Epithelial-mesenchymal transition	[89,100,108]
Pdx1	Glucose homeostasis and pancreatic β-cell development	[69,70,71]
Nanog	Stem cell-like traits	[79,80]
INF2	Mitochondrial fission	[84]
FASN	lipid metabolism	[87]
Caprin1	Stress granule (SG) assembly	[52]
BRMS1	Breast cancer metastasis	[38]
SLC7A1	Arginine metabolism	[110]