Table 3.
Biomarker data in healthy controls and schizophrenia patients divided into subjects with severe disabilities and low quality of life (severe DisQoL), moderate changes in disabilities and DisQoL (moderate DisQoL) and those with normal DisQoL values (normal DisQoL).
| Biomarkers | Normal DisQol A | Moderate DisQoL B | Severe DisQol C | F (df = 2/122) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total magnesium (mM) | 1.008 (0.021) C | 0.989 (0.019) C | 0.899 (0.022) A,B | 6.97 | 0.001 |
| Total calcium (mM) | 2.383 (0.042) C | 2.348 (0.037) C | 2.216 (0.045) A,B | 4.27 | 0.016 |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 2.46 (0.149) B,C | 3.50 (0.131) A | 3.80 (0.158) A | 21.27 | <0.001 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 5.92 (0.57) C | 6.26 (0.50) C | 8.35 (0.60) A,B | 5.33 | 0.006 |
| IL-23 (pg/mL) | 14.73 (2.48) B,C | 24.63 (2.17) A | 27.02 (2.62) A | 6.61 | 0.002 |
| IL-22 (pg/mL) | 17.94 (1.19) B,C | 28.06 (1.04) A | 29.31 (1.26) A | 26.62 | <0.001 |
| IL-21 (pg/mL) | 159.88 (14.66) B,C | 232.93 (12.85) A,C | 279.40 (15.51) A,B | 15.90 | <0.001 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 19.99 (2.14) B,C | 43.75 (1.88) A | 45.84 (2.26) A | 43.61 | <0.001 |
| IL-17 (pg/mL) | 17.56 (1.71) B,C | 43.28 (1.50) A,C | 47.87 (1.81) A,B | 87.67 | <0.001 |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 7.43 (0.63) B, C | 12.22 (0.55) A | 11.47 (0.66) A | 16.87 | <0.001 |
| Th17 pathogenic (z scores) | −0.860 (0.127) B,C | 0.215 (0.111) A,C | 0.692 (0.132) A,B | 36.47 | <0.001 |
| IL23IL16Th17 axis (z scores) | −0.973 (0.116) B,C | 0.271 (0.102) A,C | 0.744 (0.120) A,B | 54.37 | <0.001 |
A,B,C: protected post-hoc comparisons among treatment means at p < 0.05; IL: interleukin, TNF: tumor necrosis factor, Results are shown as model (univariate GLM analysis)-generated marginal means (SE) after covarying for age, sex, tobacco use disorder and body mass index.