Table 5.

Binomial logistic regression analysis between background characteristics and EBM practice (unadjusted).

Background Characteristics	Total	EBM in Clinical Practice		Unadjusted/Univariate
		Never/ Sometimes (n = 145)	Daily (n = 155)	Odds Ratio (OR)/Beta Coefficient (β)	95% Confidence Interval (CI) of OR/exp (β)	p-Value
Age in years
>45	86	32	54	Reference (ref)
31–45	124	74	50	2.5	1.42–4.40	0.001 *
≤30	90	39	51	1.19	0.70–1.36	0.441
Gender
Male	191	98	93	Ref
Female	109	47	62	0.72	0.45–1.16	0.188
Physicians’ nationality
Saudi	165	67	68	Ref
Non-Saudi	135	78	87	0.91	0.58–1.43	0.728
Highest qualification
Bachelor	130	58	72	Ref
Masters (MD/MS)	102	53	49	1.34	0.79–2.26	0.291
Saudi Board and Fellowship	68	34	34	1.24	0.69–2.23	0.549
Current position
Resident	142	64	78	Ref
Specialist	95	48	47	1.24	0.74–2.09	0.428
Consultant	63	33	30	1.34	0.74–2.43	0.365
PHC work experience
Up to 5 years	114	45	69	Ref
6 to 10 years	96	43	53	1.24	0.72–2.16	0.483
More than 10 years	90	57	33	0.78	0.61–0.93	0.001 *
EBM training in last 5 years
No	115	71	44	Ref
Yes	185	74	111	2.82	1.91–3.71	0.002 *

* Significant p-value at 0.05.