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Effect of nodulation on catalase (CAT) activity (A), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (B), proline content (C), and soluble sugar content (D) in alfalfa roots under NaCl treatment. NA: alfalfa plants with active nodules; NN: alfalfa plants without nodules. Data are shown as means ± SE (n = 5). *, **, and *** indicate a significant difference between NA and NN roots at p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.
