Table 3.
Regression models for each coping style.
| Avoidant | Problem-Focused | Emotion-Focused | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | sr2 | ∆R2 | R2 | Β | sr2 | ∆R2 | R2 | Β | sr2 | ∆R2 | R2 | |
| Model 1 | 0.074 * | 0.160 *** | 0.097 ** | |||||||||
| Age (Bereaved) | −0.20 * | 0.03 | −0.24 ** | 0.05 | −0.17 * | 0.02 | ||||||
| Gender (Deceased) | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.03 | <0.01 | −0.02 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Gender (Bereaved) | 0.14 * | 0.02 | 0.20 ** | 0.03 | 0.22 ** | 0.04 | ||||||
| Kinship (Parent) | −0.03 | <0.01 | −0.11 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Kinship (Adult child) | −0.15 | 0.02 | −0.30 ** | 0.07 | −0.12 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Kinship (Sibling) | −0.06 | <0.01 | −0.09 | 0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Model 2 | 0.005 | 0.079 * | 0.003 | 0.163 *** | 0.012 | 0.109 ** | ||||||
| Age (Bereaved) | −0.19 * | 0.03 | −0.24 ** | 0.04 | −0.16 * | 0.02 | ||||||
| Gender (Deceased) | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.04 | <0.01 | −0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Gender (Bereaved) | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.19 ** | 0.03 | 0.22 ** | 0.04 | ||||||
| Kinship (Parent) | −0.05 | <0.01 | −0.13 | 0.01 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Kinship (Adult child) | −0.15 | 0.02 | −0.30 ** | 0.07 | −0.12 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Kinship (Sibling) | −0.07 | <0.01 | −0.10 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Bereavement type | 0.07 | <0.01 | 0.06 | <0.01 | 0.12 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Model 3 | 0.028 * | 0.108 ** | 0.020 * | 0.183 *** | 0.011 | 0.120 ** | ||||||
| Age (Bereaved) | −0.19 * | 0.03 | −0.23 ** | 0.04 | −0.15 * | 0.02 | ||||||
| Gender (Deceased) | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.04 | <0.01 | −0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Gender (Bereaved) | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.18 * | 0.03 | 0.21 ** | 0.04 | ||||||
| Kinship (Parent) | −0.04 | <0.01 | −0.12 | 0.01 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Kinship (Adult child) | −0.15 | 0.02 | −0.30 ** | 0.07 | −0.12 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Kinship (Sibling) | −0.06 | <0.01 | −0.09 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Bereavement type | 0.07 | <0.01 | 0.06 | <0.01 | 0.11 | 0.01 | ||||||
| PMHD | 0.17 * | 0.03 | 0.14 * | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Model 4 | 0.079 *** | 0.186 *** | 0.010 | 0.193 *** | 0.023 * | 0.144 *** | ||||||
| Age (Bereaved) | −0.08 | <0.01 | −0.20 * | 0.03 | −0.10 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Gender (Deceased) | 0.05 | <0.01 | 0.05 | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Gender (Bereaved) | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.17 * | 0.02 | 0.20 ** | 0.03 | ||||||
| Kinship (Parent) | −0.03 | <0.01 | −0.12 | 0.01 | 0.07 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Kinship (Adult child) | −0.08 | <0.01 | −0.28 ** | 0.06 | −0.09 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Kinship (Sibling) | −0.02 | <0.01 | −0.08 | <0.01 | 0.03 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Bereavement type | −0.01 | <0.01 | 0.03 | <0.01 | 0.07 | <0.01 | ||||||
| PMHD | 0.15 * | 0.02 | 0.13 * | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Stigma | 0.33 *** | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.17 * | 0.02 | ||||||
| Model 5 | 0.023 * | 0.210 *** | 0.002 | 0.195 *** | 0.014 | 0.157 *** | ||||||
| Age (Bereaved) | −0.07 | <0.01 | −0.20 * | 0.03 | −0.10 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Gender (Deceased) | 0.04 | <0.01 | 0.06 | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Gender (Bereaved) | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.18 * | 0.03 | 0.21 ** | 0.04 | ||||||
| Kinship (Parent) | −0.03 | <0.01 | −0.12 | 0.01 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Kinship (Adult child) | −0.11 | 0.01 | −0.27 ** | 0.05 | −0.06 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Kinship (Sibling) | −0.04 | <0.01 | −0.07 | <0.01 | 0.04 | <0.01 | ||||||
| Bereavement type | −0.02 | <0.01 | 0.03 | <0.01 | 0.08 | 0.01 | ||||||
| PMHD | 0.14 * | 0.02 | 0.14 * | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Stigma | 0.23 ** | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.24 ** | 0.04 | ||||||
| Shame | 0.18 * | 0.02 | −0.06 | <0.01 | −0.14 | 0.01 | ||||||
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; NB: For kinship, the reference group is ‘spouse/partner’.