Table 3.
Baseline measures of study subjects (ITT analysis for Continuous variables).
| MIND Group (n = 23) |
MIND-FB Group (n = 25) |
Control Group (n = 24) |
p Value across All Groups | p Value * | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIND vs. Control | MIND-FB vs. Control | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 24.9 ± 3.3 | 25.7 ± 2.9 | 0.612 | 0.667 | 0.666 | |
| Waist to hip ratio | 0.9 ± 0.04 | 0.89 ± 0.05 | 0.93 ± 0.05 | 0.014 | 0.080 | 0.015 | |
| Body fat (%) | 35.1 ± 6.08 | 35.2 ± 6.9 | 37.3 ± 4.9 | 0.347 | 0.401 | 0.435 | |
| Lipid Panel | |||||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.4 ± 1.3 | 6.0 ± 1.4 | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 0.213 | 0.953 | 0.361 | |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 0.249 | 0.979 | 0.276 | |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 0.682 | 0.998 | 0.710 | |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 0.602 | 0.804 | 0.928 | |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.9 ± 1.3 | 6.2 ± 1.4 | 6.4 ± 1.6 | 0.652 | 0.640 | 0.960 | |
| BP | |||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 137.8 ± 14.3 | 141 ± 12.0 | 141.8 ± 17.2 | 0.609 | 0.611 | 0.977 | |
| DBP (mmHg) | 85.1 ± 10.5 | 88.5 ± 9.0 | 80.2 ± 9.7 | 0.014 | 0.199 | 0.011 | |
| Mood state | |||||||
| POMS total (score) | 38.3 ± 13 | 41.8 ± 11.4 | 43.0 ± 14.8 | 0.456 | 0.444 | 0.938 | |
| Tension-anxiety | 4.1 ± 2.9 | 6.2 ± 3.9 | 5.5 ± 3.7 | 0.132 | 0.352 | 0.819 | |
| Depression-dejection | 3.2 ± 3.1 | 4.2 ± 3.5 | 4.7 ± 3.5 | 0.315 | 0.301 | 0.900 | |
| Fatigue-inertia | 6.3 ± 3.6 | 6.6 ± 3.7 | 6.8 ± 3.8 | 0.906 | 0.898 | 0.964 | |
| Anger-hostility | 4.0 ± 2.4 | 4.8 ± 2.6 | 4.1 ± 2.9 | 0.491 | 0.994 | 0.590 | |
| Confusion-bewilderment | 11.3 ± 3.0 | 10.6 ± 1.5 | 11.4 ± 3.1 | 0.542 | 0.988 | 0.562 | |
| Vigor-activity | 9.6 ± 2.8 | 9.5 ± 3.4 | 10.3 ± 4.6 | 0.709 | 0.785 | 0.726 | |
| Anxiety level | |||||||
| STAI-S (score) | 40.4 ± 8.4 | 38.8 ± 8.5 | 36.5 ± 7.0 | 0.246 | 0.220 | 0.568 | |
| STAI-T (score) | 39.8 ± 9.0 | 42.9 ± 8.9 | 42.1 ± 9.5 | 0.499 | 0.679 | 0.951 | |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. p-value were compared with one-way ANOVA. ANOVA = analysis of variance; BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; MIND group = The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet group; MIND-FB group = The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet plus forest bathing group; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; ITT = intention-to-treat analysis; SBP = systolic blood pressure; STAI = State and Trait Anxiety Inventory; POMS = The Profile of Mood States. * Tukey honest significant difference (HSD).