Table 3.

Unadjusted and adjusted risk for associated with cardiac comorbidity diagnosis

	≥1 cardiac comorbidity diagnosis	No cardiac comorbidity diagnosis
Unadjusted models	Unadjusted RR (95% CI)	Unadjusted, RR (95% CI)
Non-transfusion severe maternal morbidity	3.40 (3.10, 3.73)	1.0 (reference)
Cardiac severe maternal morbidity	7.51 (6.50, 8.68)	1.0 (reference)
Placental abruption	1.46 (1.26, 1.69)	1.0 (reference)
Preterm delivery	1.49 (1.40, 1.59)	1.0 (reference)
Preeclampsia and gestational hypertension	1.44 (1.35, 1.53)	1.0 (reference)
Cesarean delivery	1.24 (1.20, 1.28)	1.0 (reference)
Postpartum hemorrhage	1.26 (1.15, 1.38)	1.0 (reference)
Transfusion	2.27 (2.00, 2.57)	1.0 (reference)
Stillbirth	0.72 (0.57, 0.92)	1.0 (reference)
Adjusted models	Adjusted RR (95% CI)	Adjusted, RR (95% CI)
Non-transfusion severe maternal morbidity	3.12 (2.84, 3.42)	1.0 (reference)
Cardiac severe maternal morbidity	6.79 (5.86, 7.86)	1.0 (reference)
Placental abruption	1.38 (1.19, 1.60)	1.0 (reference)
Preterm delivery	1.46 (1.37, 1.55)	1.0 (reference)
Preeclampsia and gestational hypertension	1.40 (1.31, 1.48)	1.0 (reference)
Cesarean delivery	1.20 (1.17, 1.24)	1.0 (reference)
Postpartum hemorrhage	1.19 (1.09, 1.31)	1.0 (reference)
Transfusion	2.02 (1.78, 2.29)	1.0 (reference)
Stillbirth	0.69 (0.54, 0.87)	1.0 (reference)

The table demonstrates unadjusted and adjusted risks for adverse outcomes among deliveries with maternal congenital heart disease based on whether ≥1 additional diagnoses representative of cardiac comorbidity were present including: congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, valvular disease, pulmonary disorders, and history of thromboembolism. Risk is estimated based on the presence versus absence of cardiac severity. The adjusted models include all the demographic, obstetric, and medical factors in Table 1 including year of delivery, maternal race, maternal age, payer, ZIP code income quartile, pre-gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, singleton versus multiple gestation, and obesity.