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. 2022 Nov 24;12:20244. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24496-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relative abundance analysis of gut microbiota. (a) The LEfSe analysis showed several microbial taxa that were significantly different between patients with MMD and control individuals. The discriminative taxa with top ranked LDA scores at the species level (L7) are shown. Heatmap demonstrates distinct patterns between patients with MMD and controls. Blue represents microbes with lower relative abundance (mostly < 0.001 as shown in the scale bar in the left panel), and green represents microbes with relative abundance higher than the blue ones. (b) The cladogram of the discriminative taxa identified by LEfSe was shown. Streptococcus of the Firmicutes Bacilli class, and Lactobacillales were enriched in patients with MMD as compared with controls, whereas Alphaproteobacteria of the Proteobacteria division, Rhodospirillaceae, and Mollicutes were enriched in controls.