Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population.
| Control | MMD | P value (MMD vs control) | ICAD | P value (ICAD vs control) | All CVD (MMD + ICAD) | P value (All CVD vs control) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number, n | 15 | 27 | 7 | 34 | |||
| Female, n (%) | 5 (33.3) | 21 (77.8) | 0.012 | 2 (28.5) | 1 | 23 (67.6) | 0.054 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 57 (23) | 33 (37) | 0.0011 | 45 (15) | 0.040 | 37.5 (28.75) | < 0.001 |
| History of antibiotics use, n (%) | 2 (13.3) | 13 (48.1) | 0.042 | 0 (0) | 1 | 13 (38.2) | 0.10 |
| Family history of MMD, n (%) | 0 (0) | 9 (33.3) | 0.016 | 0 (0) | 1 | 9 (26.5) | 0.042 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 6 (40.0) | 5 (18.5) | 0.16 | 2 (28.6) | 1 | 7 (20.6) | 0.18 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 3 (20.0) | 3 (11.1) | 0.65 | 2 (28.6) | 1 | 5 (14.7) | 0.69 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 3 (20.0) | 6 (22.2) | 1 | 4 (57.1) | 0.15 | 10 (29.4) | 0.73 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 2 (13.3) | 1 (3.7) | 0.29 | 0 (0) | 1 | 1 (2.9) | 0.22 |
| Current drinker, n (%) | 5 (33.3) | 6 (22.2) | 0.24 | 1 (14.3) | 0.32 | 7 (20.6) | 0.47 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (7.4) | 0.61 | 1 (14.3) | 1 | 3 (8.8) | 0.64 |
| Genotype, n | < 0.001 | 0.023 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Homozygote | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
| Heterozygote | 0 | 21 | 3 | 24 | |||
| Wildtype | 15 | 5 | 4 | 9 | |||
| Age at onset, median (IQR) | NA | 22 (33) | 39 (15) | 33 (37.25) |
MMD represents moyamoya disease; ICAD, non-moyamoya intracranial large artery disease; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; NA, not applicable; IQR, interquartile range. All CVD consists of MMD and ICAD.