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. 2022 Nov 24;12:20247. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24292-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Novel object recognition performance of icv. STZ-injected (‘STZ’) and vehicle treated (‘control’) rats at Week 11 post-injection. Columns show means ± SEM values of discrimination index. Numbers inside the columns indicate the number of animals. (A) Results of old animals. + : p < 0.05 vs zero, singe sample t-test, control: t(11) = 2.76, STZ: t(8) = 0.67, ns.), effect size: 0.55.Three animals in the STZ group died before the test was carried out (B) Results of young animals. *: p < 0.05 vs control, unpaired t-test, t(20) = 2.24), effect size:0.96. Two rats were excluded from the evaluation according to the criteria described in the Methods section.