Table 1.
Demographic Variables and Smoking and Vaping Characteristics at Baseline
| Heterosexual Participants (n = 2412) | Bisexual Participants (n = 294) | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | All | T-Test/χ2 | p-Value | V or d1 | Beta or AOR | p-Value | |||
| n (%)/M (SD) | n (%)/M (SD) | n (%)/M (SD) | |||||||
| Demographic Variables | |||||||||
| Sex (female) | 2706 | 950 (35.1%) | 743 (30.8%) | 207 (70.4%) | 180.418 | <.001 | 0.26 | N/A | N/A |
| Age | 2706 | 30.0 (11.3) | 30.5 (11.5) | 26.0 (8.8) | 8.056 | <.001 | 0.44 | N/A | N/A |
| Race | 2689 | ||||||||
| White | 2397 (89.1%) | 2145 (89.6%) | 252 (85.7%) | 5.176 | .08 | 0.04 | N/A | N/A | |
| Black | 73 (2.7%) | 65 (2.7%) | 8 (2.7%) | ||||||
| Other | 219 (8.1%) | 185 (7.7%) | 34 (11.6%) | ||||||
| Ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino) | 2706 | 223 (8.2%) | 194 (8.0%) | 29 (9.9%) | 1.149 | .28 | 0.02 | N/A | N/A |
| Marital status (married or cohabitating) | 2706 | 936 (34.6%) | 845 (35.0%) | 91 (31.0%) | 1.929 | .17 | 0.03 | N/A | N/A |
| Education (>high school) | 2706 | 1413 (52.2%) | 1248 (51.7%) | 165 (56.1%) | 2.016 | .16 | 0.03 | N/A | N/A |
| Annual income (<$30K) | 2694 | 1517 (56.3%) | 1321 (55.0%) | 196 (67.4%) | 16.173 | <.001 | 0.08 | N/A | N/A |
| Smoking Characteristics | |||||||||
| Years smoking before vaping | 2692 | 13.1 (10.9) | 13.4 (11.0) | 10.3 (9.5) | 5.222 | <.001 | 0.30 | 0.02 | .08 |
| Cigarettes per day before vaping | 2705 | 19.4 (8.9) | 19.6 (8.9) | 17.8 (8.9) | 3.290 | .001 | 0.20 | 0.02 | .40 |
| Cigarettes per day | 2704 | 11.2 (8.0) | 11.2 (8.1) | 10.7 (7.7) | 1.113 | .27 | 0.06 | 0.00 | .99 |
| Nicotine dependence (0–10) | 2706 | 3.6 (2.4) | 3.6 (2.4) | 3.6 (2.4) | 0.501 | .62 | 0.00 | −0.00 | .86 |
| Motivation to quit smoking2 (0–10) | 2474 | 5.7 (2.4) | 5.8 (2.4) | 5.5 (2.3) | 1.432 | .15 | 0.13 | 0.01 | .60 |
| Vaping Characteristics | |||||||||
| Months vaping (>24 months ago) | 2705 | 1200 (44.4%) | 1070 (44.4%) | 130 (44.2%) | 0.003 | .96 | 0.00 | 1.22 | .13 |
| Daily e-cigarette use | 2691 | 1897 (70.5%) | 1693 (70.6%) | 204 (69.6%) | 0.120 | .73 | 0.01 | 1.14 | .35 |
| Vaping sessions per day | 2701 | 27.4 (14.7) | 27.3 (14.7) | 27.6 (15.2) | −0.342 | .73 | 0.02 | 0.03 | .19 |
| Most important reason to start vaping | 2682 | 7.518 | .28 | 0.05 | |||||
| To quit smoking | 1242 (46.3%) | 1115 (46.6%) | 127 (43.6%) | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| To cut down combustible cigarettes | 597 (22.3%) | 532 (22.3%) | 65 (22.3%) | 1.14 | .45 | ||||
| Health concerns | 326 (12.2%) | 298 (12.5%) | 28 (9.6%) | 1.21 | .41 | ||||
| To use them when cannot smoke | 249 (9.3%) | 214 (9.0%) | 35 (12.0%) | 0.75 | .18 | ||||
| Curiosity | 131 (4.9%) | 114 (4.8%) | 17 (5.8%) | 0.91 | .76 | ||||
| Recommendations from others | 68 (2.5%) | 57 (2.4%) | 11 (3.8%) | 1.08 | .85 | ||||
| Other | 69 (2.6%) | 61 (2.6%) | 8 (2.7%) | 0.92 | .84 | ||||
| Currently vaping to quit smoking (yes) | 2691 | 2017 (75.0%) | 1815 (75.7%) | 202 (68.9%) | 6.330 | .012 | 0.05 | 0.85 | .26 |
Notes:
1)
Cramer’s V or Cohen’s d.
2)
The higher percentage missing for Contemplation Ladder is due to an error in data collection using electronic surveys, which was corrected after approximately 400 had completed the baseline survey online.