Table 4.

Risk factors for vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia determined by multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Characteristic	Nephrotoxicity odds ratio
	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
Age ≥65 y	2.22 (1.02–4.83)	0.044	3.59 (1.17–10.97)	0.025
Male sex	0.99 (0.46–2.17)	0.995
Body mass index	0.97 (0.87–1.07)	0.556
Charlson's weighted index of comorbidity	1.20 (1.02–1.41)	0.032
Underlying conditions
Diabetes	1.26 (0.57–2.75)	0.57
Cardiovascular disease	2.08 (0.90–4.82)	0.086
Chronic liver disease	2.84 (0.84–9.59)	0.093	7.52 (1.37–41.37)	0.020
Chronic lung disease	0.65 (0.16–2.61)	0.547
Cerebrovascular disease	1.57 (0.64–3.86)	0.325
Chronic kidney disease stage 3 to 5	12.50 (1.45–107.74)	0.022	29.27 (1.68–510.28)	0.021
Rheumatic disease	1.23 (0.36–4.62)	0.761
Solid organ tumor	2.13 (0.86–5.30)	0.103
Hematologic malignancy	0.35 (0.04–3.07)	0.341
Immunosuppressive agents	1.42 (0.46–4.40)	0.547
Septic shock	1.71 (0.79–3.69)	0.17
Pitt bacteremia score	1.26 (1.05–1.52)	0.013	1.57 (1.18–2.10)	0.002
Complicated infection	2.61 (1.18–5.79)	0.018
Bacteremia duration, d	1.05 (0.99–1.11)	0.135
Concomitant use of nephrotoxins	13.67 (1.76–106.22)	0.012	12.88 (1.25–133.15)	0.032
Area under the concentration-time curve cut-off ≥615.0 mg· hr/L	3.01 (1.29–7.02)	0.011	5.24 (1.88–14.65)	0.002