Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Variable | HFpEF n = 34 |
NCD n = 34 |
Significance p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69 (67, 77) | 66 (52, 73) | 0.034 |
| Sex male/female | 9/25 | 15/19 | 0.128 |
| Ethnicity – white Caucasian | 34 | 34 | |
| NYHA class | 21 × II, 13 × III | 27 × II, 7 × III | 0.110 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 16 | 5 | 0.004 |
| H2FPEF score | 5.0 (3.0, 6.3) | 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 0.003 |
| HFA-PEFF score | 5.5 (3.8, 6.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 4.0) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Active smoking | 4 | 5 | 0.720 |
| Hypertension | 27 | 27 | 1.000 |
| Hyperlipoproteinemia | 21 | 21 | 1.000 |
| Diabetes | 5 | 5 | 1.000 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2 BSA) | 28.7 (26.8, 33.2) | 27.6 (25.2, 32.3) | 0.339 |
| Laboratory testing | |||
| NT-proBNP (ng/l) | 255 (102, 606) | 75 (50, 134) | <0.001 |
| Echocardiographya | |||
| E/e' rest | 12.5 (9.7, 13.3) | 9.15 (7.5, 10.7) | <0.001 |
| E/e' stress | 13.8 (10.8, 15.9) | 11.0 (10.0, 14.0) | 0.120 |
| LAVI (ml/m2 BSA) | 43.8 (36.6, 54.2) | 36.2 (29.2, 41.1) | 0.001 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 24 (21.2, 27.2) | 22.5 (20.5, 25.7) | 0.335 |
| PAPsys (mmHg) | 28 (23.5, 33.1) | 22.8 (19.6, 24.7) | 0.001 |
| Right heart catheterisation | |||
| PCWP rest (mmHg) | 13 (11, 18) | 8 (6, 10) | |
| PCWP stress (mmHg) | 27 (26, 31) | 18 (11, 22) | |
| Cardiac Index rest (l/m2 BSA) | 2.9 (2.4, 3.2) | 2.9 (2.6, 3.4) | 0.663 |
| Cardiac Index stress (l/m2 BSA) | 5.2 (3.7, 6.1) | 5.8 (4.7, 6.7) | 0.022 |
NCD, non-cardiac dyspnoea; NYHA, New York Heart Association; LAVI, left atrial volume index; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; PAPsys, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; BSA, body surface area. Categorical parameters are reported in absolutes numbers and were compared using the Chi-squared test whilst continuous parameters are presented as medians with interquartile ranges and were compared by using the Mann–Whitney U test. Bold p-values indicate statistical significance below 0.05.
a
Numbers differ for echocardiographic assessments shown for HFpEF/NCD (E/e’ stress n = 30/20; TAPSE n = 31/28; PAPsys n = 30/26), table adapted from Ref. 10