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. 2022 Nov 11;13:1019741. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1019741

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Copyright © 2022 Oluwagbenga, Tetel, Schober and Fraley.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Egg albumen concentration of cortisol (A), Chromatograph overlay for yolk corticosterone comparison (B), and yolk cortisol comparison (C) of ducks exposed to cyclic heat stress (35°C for 10h/day and 29.5°C for the remaining 14h/day) or control. Data shown for Figure 5A are means ± SEM, n = 6/treatment/week. Albumen cortisol levels were significantly increased at weeks 1 and 3 after onset of treatment compared to controls. The endogenous corticosterone in the samples were below detectable limits. Cortisol and corticosterone were not detected in yolk samples. * = p < 0.05.