TABLE 4.
Means, standard deviations of the study variables, between-country t-test comparisons and effect sizes.
| Variables | Spain M (SD) |
Chile M (SD) |
t-Test | Sig. | Cohen’s d |
| Community | 3.72 (0.62) | 3.40 (0.72) | 4.664 | 0.000a | 0.472 |
| Country | 3.16 (0.65) | 3.37 (0.75) | –2.905 | 0.004b | 0.297 |
| Humanity | 3.23 (0.62) | 3.01 (0.75) | 3.128 | 0.002b | 0.316 |
| Bond | 2.50 (0.70) | 2.62 (0.81) | –1.577 | 0.110 | 0.157 |
| Concern | 3.95 (0.67) | 3.46 (0.85) | 6.238 | 0.000a | 0.632 |
| SOE | 1.95 (0.84) | 2.16 (0.91) | –3.624 | 0.000a | 0.239 |
| STE | 1.99 (0.84) | 2.31 (0.86) | –2.326 | 0.020c | 0.376 |
nSpain = 179; nChile = 224.
The reported scores refer to the average of T1 and T2.
ap ≤ 0.001; bp ≤ 0.01; cp ≤ 0.05.