TABLE 3.
Alcohol and other substance use characteristics.
| Extended cannabis use group | ||||||||||
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| Full sample (n = 158) | Minimal/no cannabis exposure (n = 53) | Moderate cannabis exposure (n = 52) | Heavy cannabis exposure (n = 53) | Group comparison | ||||||
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| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F | p | |
| Cumulative alcohol exposure | 86.01 | 176.18 | 24.76(3) | 65.76 | 68.57(3) | 100.76 | 1485.23(1,2) | 262.65 | 9.5 | <0.001** |
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| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | χ 2 | p | |
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| Daily tobacco smoker (age 20) | 44 | 27.8 | 3(2,3) | 5.7 | 14(1,3) | 26.9 | 27(1,2) | 50.9 | 25.76 | <0.001** |
| Daily tobacco smoker (age 22) | 46 | 29.1 | 3(2,3) | 5.7 | 13(1,3) | 25 | 30(1,2) | 56.6 | 33.96 | <0.001** |
| Lifetime history of illicit substance use | ||||||||||
| Cocaine/crack | 16 | 10.1 | 0(2,3) | 0 | 4(1,3) | 7.7 | 12(1,2) | 22.6 | 15.43 | <0.001** |
| Stimulants | 13 | 8.2 | 1 | 1.9 | 5 | 9.6 | 7 | 13.2 | 4.7 | 0.096 |
| Sedatives | 20 | 12.7 | 1(3) | 1.9 | 5(3) | 9.6 | 14(1,2) | 26.4 | 15.07 | 0.001** |
| Opioids | 21 | 13.3 | 1(3) | 1.9 | 5(3) | 9.6 | 15(1,2) | 28.3 | 16.95 | <0.001** |
| Inhalants | 5 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.9 | 4 | 7.5 | 5.32 | 0.07 |
| Hallucinogens | 19 | 12 | 0(2,3) | 0 | 7(1) | 13.5 | 12(1) | 22.6 | 12.99 | 0.002** |
| Ecstasy | 22 | 13.9 | 0(2,3) | 0 | 5(1,3) | 9.6 | 17(1,2) | 32.1 | 23.95 | <0.001** |
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. Superscript numbers in parentheses indicate which groups were significantly different from one another, based on pairwise Bonferroni-corrected post hoc testing or pairwise χ2 tests, as applicable (1 = minimal/no cannabis exposure group, 2 = moderate cannabis exposure group, 3 = heavy cannabis exposure group). Cumulative alcohol exposure reflects the sum of participants’ annual quantity of alcohol use (average days/month and average drinks/occasion were multiplied in order to obtain a measure of overall quantity of alcohol exposure for each year). Lifetime history of illicit substance use was assessed using the Lifetime History of Drug Use and Drug Consumption (LHDU) semi-structured interview; positive lifetime history was determined based by consensus from age 20 and age 22 study visits.