Table 7.
PTSD RCTs included in Sebastian and Nelms (2017) meta-analysis.
| S.R.No. | References | Population | Instruments | EFT (n) and sessions | Control(s) (n) and sessions | Cohen's d (95% CI) and/or p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Karatzias et al. (2011) | 46 NHS patients with PTSD | CAPS, PCL-C, HADS | (n = 23) Four 1-h sessions/individual | EMDR (n = 23) Four 1-h sessions/individual | PCL: 1.08 (0.38–1.73) |
| Anxiety: 1.11 (−0.41–1.77) | ||||||
| Depression:0.69 (−0.02–1.32) | ||||||
| 2 | Church et al. (2012b) | 16 institutionalized teenage boys | SUD, IES | (n = 8) 1 session | WL (n = 8) NT |
Intrusive memories −3.95 (2.26–5.63) |
| Avoidance: 6.89 (4.31–9.47) | ||||||
| IES total: 8.07 (5.11–11.03) | ||||||
| 3 | Church et al. (2013) | 59 veterans with PTSD | SA-45, PCL-M | (n = 30) Six 1-h sessions | WL (SOC/NT) (n = 29) | PCL: 1.93 (1.28–2.58) Psychological distress (p < 0.0012) |
| Anxiety: 1.36 (0.77–1.95) PTSD symptom level p < 0.0001 |
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| Depression: 1.76 (1.13–2.39) | ||||||
| 4 | Geronilla et al. (2016) | 58 veterans with PTSD | SA-45, ISI, PCL-M | Six 1-h sessions (n = 32) | WL (n = 26) TAU | PCL: 3.06 (2.30–3.82) |
| Anxiety: 1.55 (0.96–2.14) | ||||||
| Depression: 1.65 (1.06–2.25) | ||||||
| 5 | Church et al. (2018c) | 16 veterans with PTSD | SA-45, HADS, ISI, BPI, PCL-M | (n = 8) Ten 1-h sessions | WL (n = 8) TAU |
PCL: 2.18 (1.25–2.99) PTSD symptoms p < 0.00001 |
| Anxiety: 0.78 (0.04–1.47) Significant differential expression of six genes was found (p < 0.05) |
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| Depression:0.89 (0.15–1.60) | ||||||
| 6 | Church et al. (2016) | 21 veterans at risk of PTSD | SA-45, ISI, PCL-M | (n = 12) Six 1-h sessions | WL(n = 9) TAU | PCL: 6.63 (4.44–8.81) |
| Anxiety: 3.64 (2.24–5.04) | ||||||
| Depression: 4.32 (2.76–5.89) | ||||||
| 7 | Nemiro and Papworth (2015) | 50 female survivors of gender violence | HTQ, HSCL | (n = 25) Two 2.5-h group sessions/week for 4 weeks | CBT (n = 25) 2 group treatments/week for 4 weeks for 4 weeks | HSCL: 1.26 (0.61–1.87) HTQ: 2.29 (1.51–2.99) |
BPI, Brief Pain Inventory; CAPS-5, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5; CBT, Cognitive Behavior Therapy; EMDR, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing; HADS, Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale; HSCL, Hopkins Symptom Checklist; HTQ, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire; IES, Impact of Event Scale; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; NHS, National Health Service; NT, no treatment; PCL-C, PTSD Checklist–Civilian; PCL-M, PTSD Checklist–Military; SA-45, Symptom Assessment−45; SUD, Subjective Units of Distress; TAU, treatment as usual; WL, wait-list. Sr. No., systematic review number.