Table 1. Summary of baseline characteristics.

Item/category	Tolvaptan (N = 46)	Placebo (N = 45)	p value
Demographic characteristics
Age, years	68.0 (12.3)	65.6 (15.6)	0.4030
Male	33 (71.7%)	33 (73.3%)	1.0000
Hypertension	23 (50.0%)	28 (62.2%)	0.2930
Diabetes mellitus	26 (56.5%)	26 (57.8%)	1.0000
Coronary artery disease	16 (34.8%)	20 (44.4%)	0.7116
Pacemaker	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1.0000
Implanted cardiac defibrillator	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1.0000
Valvular heart disease	11 (23.9%)	12 (26.7%)	0.9276
Arrhythmia	18 (39.1%)	15 (33.3%)	0.6641
Weight at screening, kg	65.37 (14.68)	68.93 (14.59)	0.2495
Weight at baseline, kg	64.26 (14.65)	68.03 (14.48)	0.2206
Height, cm	162.77 (8.51)	164.46 (7.84)	0.3261
Body mass index (kg/m2)	24.58 (4.72)	25.37 (4.52)	0.4219
HbA1c (%)	6.68 (1.15)	6.74 (1.11)	0.8008
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.44 (0.55)	1.41 (0.61)	0.8425
Serum sodium (mmol/L)	137.0 (4.8)	137.5 (3.7)	0.5618
Serum potassium (mmol/L)	3.95 (0.81)	4.16 (0.57)	0.1720
Congestive symptoms and signs at baseline
New York Heart Association			0.1811
Class II	20 (43.5%)	22 (48.9%)
Class III	22 (47.8%)	23 (51.1%)
Class IV	4 (8.7%)	0 (0.0%)
Jugular venous distention			0.6990
Absent	18 (39.1%)	17 (37.8%)
< 6 cm	10 (21.7%)	15 (33.3%)
6-9 cm	9 (19.6%)	8 (17.8%)
10-15 cm	6 (13.0%)	3 (6.7%)
> 15 cm	3 (6.5%)	2 (4.4%)
Lower limb edema			0.5098
Absent	9 (19.6%)	15 (33.3%)
Slight	23 (50.0%)	18 (40.0%)
Moderate	10 (21.7%)	9 (20.0%)
Marked	4 (8.7%)	3 (6.7%)
Pulmonary congestion			0.1891
Absent	7 (15.2%)	8 (17.8%)
Slight	16 (34.8%)	24 (53.3%)
Moderate	19 (41.3%)	12 (26.7%)
Marked	4 (8.7%)	1 (2.2%)
Dyspnea			0.2436
None	5 (10.9%)	1 (2.2%)
Seldom	27 (58.7%)	32 (71.1%)
Frequent	13 (28.3%)	12 (26.7%)
Continuous	1 (2.2%)	0 (0.0%)
Pulmonary rales			0.6831
No rales	20 (43.5%)	22 (48.9%)
Bases	23 (50.0%)	22 (48.9%)
Bases to 50% way up	3 (6.5%)	1 (2.2%)